Why Did Henry Break with Rome Essay Example

Why Did Henry Break with Rome? Essay Why Did Henry Break With Rome? Henry the VIII broke from Rome because of four main reasons: money, power, religion and succession. Some of the main reasons are linked together, one example is succession which is linked to power. By having a son he thought it would maintain his power at the throne when he was no longer ruler. I think that power was the most important reason. I think this because if he broke away from the Church of Rome, he could take control of the church. This meant that he could unlock the riches that the church held. By doing this he could pay for the wars he fought and the power he had over his people. He also would have more money to leave in the treasury, not only for himself but future generations. The money would lead to power; his greatest desire. To carry this power on he wanted it to be entrusted in a son. All the reasons link together to show his need for power as king. One of the reasons why Henry broke from the Roman Church was because he needed money. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Did Henry Break with Rome? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why Did Henry Break with Rome? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why Did Henry Break with Rome? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When Henry was made king he was short of money because he had fought lots of expensive wars. Henry then noticed that the church had a lot of money. If he took over the church all of its treasury would be his. Source 1 states that monasteries were very rich and owned about a quarter of the land in the country, so he could then close down the monasteries, take their money and sell of the land. Henry needed the money for power so that he could then build a stronger army and fight more wars. This would then show that he was a powerful king. Money is not the most important reason but it is an important reason. Another reason he broke from the Roman Church is because he wanted power and control over his people. Henry wanted to make sure that he was in total control of England so he needed to get rid of anyone that might threaten his position including the pope. In 1534 the pope announced that Henrys marriage to Anne Boleyn was invalid. So Henry reacted by saying that the pope no longer had authority in England.

Permian and Cretaceous Mass Extinctions Essays

Permian and Cretaceous Mass Extinctions Essays Permian and Cretaceous Mass Extinctions Essay Permian and Cretaceous Mass Extinctions Essay Assess the different hypotheses put forward for the mass extinctions at the end of the Permian and Cretaceous (KT) Periods. A mass extinction is an event in which at least 25-75% of species in the global environment are eradicated in a short period of time. Where as a regional extinction event is when the extinction is confined to a specific zone. Five mass extinctions have occurred throughout time, two of the most well known of these are the Permian and Cretaceous extinction events. There are several hypotheses that are used to explain the causes of mass extinctions. Climate change, the warming or cooling of global environments over a short period of time, can lead to other occurrences. Shifts in climate can cause extinction by moving or eliminating entire habitats. Global cooling most impacts the tropical areas as in the polar and deep-water flora and fauna have already adapted to cool environments. The major effect of global warning is on the circulation of ocean currents and the reduction of dissolved oxygen in water bodies. Anoxia, no or little dissolved oxygen in the sea, is the major cause of marine extinction. Anoxia is linked to global warming and sea levels rising. Bolide, impact by asteroids or meteorites, can cause several environmental causatums. The dust from the impact can block out sunlight for years, creating permanent a winter, leading to the collapse of ecosystems. With no sunlight, plants cannot photosynthesis, so they will eventually die. Decaying plant and animal life leads to release of noxious gases, lessening the O2 levels in both atmosphere and lithosphere. The bolide impact can cause huge earthquakes and tsunamis. Molten debris raining down after the impact can start wildfires across the globe, further adding to the noxious atmosphere. The release of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide from mega-volcanoes can impact global temperatures, leading to global warming, sea level rises and acid rain. Volcanic eruptions have are commonly located around the times of mass extinctions, and can add to the already stressed environment. The Permian extinction event occurred around 248 million years ago and marks the end of the Paleozoic Era. It is the largest extinction event in history, with approximalty 96% of all life becoming extinct. There are several hypotheses about what caused the Permian extinction, but as much of the evidence about what occurred has been lost over time, it is hard to tell exactly what caused this mass extinction. At the time of the Permian extinction, the earth was joined as the large super-continent Pangea. One theory to account for this extinction is that the earth experienced an ice age for approx 40 000 years, which was followed by an extreme global greenhouse effect. The regression and transgression of fluctuating climate caused rainfall patterns to change. Very few life forms would have been able to withstand the extreme climatic changes. There is evidence supporting this theory in Greenland and Russian rock strata. The fluctuating climate caused a fluctuation of sea levels, with first a fall in levels then with a rise. This rise, so soon after a fall in sea levels would have placed extreme stress on the marine community that was trying to adjust to the already change marine environment. The regression in sea levels exposed organic matter that was decomposed to form large amounts of CO2 causing a drop in oxygen levels and an anoxic marine environment. The large carbon dioxide levels could have contributed to more global warming. Nearing the end of the Permian period there were mass eruptions in the Siberian traps approx 2 million km2. This volcano released massive amounts of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, leading to acid rain and blackout of sunlight. It is thought that this caused the global cooling, and once the eruptions ended, intense global warming cause by the noxious gases released during the eruptions, which lead to the fluctuating sea levels. Much flora and fauna suffered severely because of these environmental issues. There is new evidence indicating that a bolide impact could have occurred near the end of the Permian period. A crater, the Bedout crater, in Australia has been discovered. A bolide impact would have lead to mass death of marine and terrestrial organisms. The force of the impact could have released methane from stored organic matter and large earthquakes. These earthquakes would have triggered the volcanism in the Siberian traps, leading to the release of large amounts of CO2 and sulfur dioxide. These gases combined with methane previously released would have created a noxious atmosphere, combined with climate change that killed a large scale of life. It is most likely that a simultaneous occurrence of the different global environmental changes was responsible for ending the Permian period, and the lives of 96% of species. Each environmental issue is a major geological event, and amplified the other events, leading to catastrophic environmental situation, in which barely any life could survive. The Cretaceous – Tertiary mass extinction, commonly referred to as the KT extinction, occurred 65 million years ago. As the most recant extinction event it is more easily studied as more evidence has been preserved than for the earlier extinctions. This extinction is the most commonly known, as it is the extinction of the dinosaurs, but the smallest scale mass extinction with only 76% of species dying out. Evidence for catastrophism at the KT boundary can be found in a layer of greenish sediment, which is located at different sites all over the world. The sediment makes the divide between the Cretaceous fossils from the newer, evolved Tertiary fossils. This dark sediment contains high concentrations of Iridium, an element only found in the earth’s mantle, or on meteorites. There are two main hypotheses that are used to explain the cause of the KT extinction and the end of the reign of the dinosaurs. The gradualist theory suggests that the KT extinction was caused by a regression of sea levels combined with global climate change caused by volcanism. There is evidence of a large deposit of Basalt located at the Deccan Plateau in India. The release of volcanic gases and ash would lead to climate change and the darkening of the sky. The volcanic ash released into the atmosphere at the time of the eruption, which then settled slowly all over the globe, could have caused the iridium layer mentioned above. However, there is evidence that a bolide impact struck the earth in the Gulf of Mexico, the Chicxulub crater. The theory is known as the catastrophists theory. A bolide impact would explain the high levels of iridium and the shocked quartz, which has also been found throughout the globe in the same layer containing iridium. Shocked quartz is only formed under extremely high pressure, naturally formed in bolide impacts. The quartz contains fractures that show the impact shock. The bolide impact would have cause mega tsunamis and wildfires throughout the world from the molten bits of meteorite raining down on the earth. Tektites have been found in sediments around the Chixulub crater, which provides substantial evidence that a bolide impact did occur there, as tektites are a special type of debris formed from a meteorite impact. Evidence for impact craters is very hard to find as most craters are under the sea. While many support the catastrophists theory for causing the KT extinction, a combination of the gradualist theory, with the final blow coming from a meteorite impact is much more likely, as there has been evidence that the organisms living during the KT period were already dying out, before the mass extinction event occurred ending the reign of the dinosaurs and allowing mammals to reign the earth. Even though some hypotheses are more likely to have caused the coup de grace than others, all evidence would have had an impact in the mass extinction process. Bibliography 1, Hubble, T. (2009). Earth and environmental science: the HSC course. Cambridge University press, Melbourne. 2. Prof Benton, M. (2001). Cassell’s Atlas of Evolution. Andromeda Oxford Limited, Oxfordshire. 3. Palmer, D. (2000). The Atlas of the Prehistoric World. Marshall Publishing Ltd, London. 4. (2010). Disaster down under – Australian impact Craters. [Internet]. Available from: (Accessed 8th May 2011). 5. Goodwin, A. (2001). Paleobiology and biodiversity Research Group: The Permo Triassic Mass Extinction. [Internet]. University of Bristol’s Department of Earth Sciences, UK. Available from: http://palaeo. gly. bris. ac. uk/Palaeofiles/Permian/SiberianTraps. html (Accessed 29th of April). 6. (2011). Discovery earth: Mass Extinctions. [Internet]. Discovery Communications, LLC. Available from: http://dsc. discovery. com/earth/wide-angle/mass-extinctions-timeline. html (Accessed 15th of April).

Ives Surname Meaning and Family History

Ives Surname Meaning and Family History The surname Ives  is believed to have originated from the Old French personal name Ive (similar to the modern French Yves) or the Norman personal name Ivo, both short forms of various Germanic compound names containing the element iv, from the Old Norse yr, meaning yew, bow, a weapon generally made from the wood of a yew tree. Ives may also have originated as a last name for someone from a town named St. Ives, in the county of Huntingdon, England. Surname Origin: English, French Alternate Surname Spellings: YVES, IVESS Where in the World is the IVES  Surname Found? The Ives  surname is now most prevalent in the United States, according to surname distribution data from Forebears. However, it is interestingly the most common surname, based on its percentage of the population, in Gibraltar, followed by England and various island nations such as Bermuda. Despite its possible French origins, the Ives spelling is not at all common in France where only 182 people bear the surname. The Ives  surname around the turn of the 20th century was most common in the United Kingdom, according to WorldNames PublicProfiler, specifically the South East and East Anglia regions of England. Within North America, Ives is most common in Ontario, Canada, followed by Nova Scotia and the U.S. states of Vermont and Connecticut. Famous People with the Last Name IVES Charles Ives -  Pulitzer Prize-winning composer  and pianistBurl Ives - American film actor and singer, best known for  hits â€Å"Frosty the Snowman† and â€Å"The Blue Tail Fly.†Chauncey Bradley Ives - American sculptor in ItalyGeorge Frederick Ives - last surviving veteran of the Boer WarFrederic Eugene Ives - American inventor and  pioneer in the field of color photography. Genealogy Resources for the Surname IVES Ives Family History BlogThis genealogy blog by William Ives  covers the story of William Ives, co-founder of New Haven CT, and many of his descendants, as well as those who married into the family DNA Signature of William Ives (1607–1648)This published DNA signature is the  result of the Y chromosome testing of 4 male known direct descendants, none of whom are closely related, of William.   Common French Surnames and their MeaningsUncover the meaning of your French last name with this free guide to  French surname  meanings and origins. Trace Your Family Tree in England and WalesLearn how to research your English Ives ancestors with this introductory guide to genealogical records and resources of England and the rest of the United Kingdom. Ives  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as an Ives  family crest or coat of arms for the Ives surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. FamilySearch - IVES GenealogyExplore over 700,000 historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Ives  surname and its variations on the free FamilySearch website, hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The Ives Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the popular last name Ives from the website of Genealogy Today. Sources Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Buddhist Ethics and Thailands Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Buddhist Ethics and Thailands Politics - Essay Example litical order in both the classical and contemporary states of South and Southeast Asia has been the center of critical religious studies (McDaniel, 2009). From the initial periods, Buddhism has exhibited a marked preference for monarchical types of government but monarchial claims are only one side of the coin as far as appreciating the connection between power and political authority. The political environment in Thailand considerably changed in June 1932 when a group of youthful scholars who had been studying outside the country and adopted principles of Western democracy carried out a bloodless coup that demanded for a shift from an absolute to a lawful kingdom. The then king, His Majesty King Prajadhipok agreed to their demands so that he could avoid any bloodshed and the absolute monarchy was abolished necessitating a transfer of power to the new form of government that was constitutional. Thailand is governed under a constitution that was adopted in 2007 after the coup that took place in 2006 where the king heads the state and the prime minister who heads the government is elected by the House of Representatives and is not allowed to serve more than eight consecutive years. The House of Representatives and the Senate whose members are elected through popular vote while others are nominated make up the national assembly. After the revolution in 1932 that brought to an end the absolute monarchy, Thailand has been rocked by intermittent military interferences, with nineteen coups and coup attempts in the years that followed (Farrelly, 2013). The concurrent military interventions after the one that took place in 1932 has meant alternations between military rule and more democratic instances even though the democratic periods were not independent from military influence. The coup culture in Thailand can be said to be the most critical contribution to the comparative debates concerning military intervention as far as politics is concerned (Farrelly, 2013). The

Mean Streets Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mean Streets - Movie Review Example Charlie is involved with the local New York Mafia and is tries to move up the command chain. His efforts are frustrated as he takes responsibility of his friend Johnny Boy, who is a reckless and minor gambler, a habit that gets Johnny into a huge amount of debt from many local loan sharks. Charlie who collects debts from individuals who owe his uncle money is an inwardly conflicted man. He does not know whether to follow his Mafia ambitions or to devout himself to the church. After failing to receive liberation in church, Charlie excessively becomes reproachful and disrespectful, but gets it by forfeiting himself on Johnny’s behalf. The movie ends when a debtor, Michael demands his money from Johnny who insults him and draws out a gun. Michael leaves but pursues Charlie, Johnny and Charlie’s girlfriend Teresa (an epileptic woman), who have decided to escape town for a little while. Michaels gunmen fires shots that land on Johnny’s neck and Charlie’s hand. An ambulance and the police come to the scene and take them away as the movie ends (Iamb, 2012). Critique There are a number of pros in the film, firstly are the characters. Mean Streets characters are excellently cast as their roles are well executed and nicely edited. The acting is incredibly original, and the director has directed his actors to near- sound acts. Moreover, the characters have given the film a thoroughly, beautiful, spellbinding and memorable feel. The characters demonstrate the Italian- American experience in a groundbreaking way, as they are passionate and mature. The characters in Mean Streets film have portrayed extreme talent in demonstrating male amity in Little Italy in New York. With Charlie’s character the producer, Martin Scorsese picks two conflicting issues common with young men in New York, religion, and gangster life. The second pro in the film is the cast themselves who are skilled, thus make the film believable. Martin has appropriately cast the actors in Mean Streets. Since the film is based on real life experiences, the producer, Martin Scorsese, puts the pieces quickly. These pieces are well executed by the actors who have in the past, coincidentally, lived in little Italy and have had the same experiences. De Niro grew up in ‘Bleecker Street, the northern frontier of Little Italy’. The third pro in the film is in the use of camera. Martin Scorsese employs the use of camera, lightning, and space in a much-refined way, thereby showing the viewer only what he feels the viewer should see. In the opening scenes of the film, the key characters have scenes of their own, which introduces the viewer to the main characters (IMDb, 2012). Furthermore, the filtered camera angles usage continues with the director having scenes shot from above and sometimes from below. A hand held camera is used for dynamic scenes compared to the movable long shot cameras. The lighting creates balance and the intelligent editing ensur es the full capacity of the impact to the viewer. The fourth pro in Mean Street is the director’s, Martin Scorsese utility of color. The color used gives the picture an intense tone, which is incredibly striking. The light in the bars are red and outside have an over-exposed and monochrome color (IMDb, 2012). The director chooses to use popular music as the soundtrack in Mean Streets. In addition, the music is functional as it sets the mood for the film. The theme of the film

Facebook and Student Essay Example for Free

Facebook and Student Essay People use Facebook for many reasons; some of them consider it the vehicle to communicate with their friends, including old friends or current friends; some agree that it also helps them relax when they are stressful; others, on the other hand, might argue that Facebook brings distractions to them (Facebook 101). For instance, my friend, a quite person, did not socialize with people in both real life and in the Internet community. However, after knowing Facebook in a short period of time, he became addicted to it. He used most of his time to chat with friends, to play games, and to stare at his Facebook profile. Now, his friends list comes up to 300 and he daily logs on Facebook from 3 to 4 hours a day. Hopefully, this research of our group will help college students get better understanding of the role of Facebook in students’ lives. Moreover, not only students in general but also people of all ages will gain their cognitive of the advantages and disadvantages of Facebook. The research will benefit reader to determine whether Facebook is good or bad for human being. Furthermore, if people use it as a habit or want to check of how frequently they use it, they could apply this research as an important source to figure out whether they are addicted to Facebook or not, or where they are in the rank. Hypotheses: Our research paper is mainly focused on the impacts of Facebook on BHCC students. The effects will be discussed on both negative and positive sides of Facebook. First of all, we predict that Facebook will mostly bring negative effects on students and employees. If they use it so repeatedly, they might be addicted and cause distractions in working or studying. This is already proved in the story of my friend. Secondly, because of the separation of geographies or busy life, people tend to talk less and type more in this modern life. So, we also want to check it out of how many percentages that Facebook occupies our private lives. The last assumption will mention about privacy threat on Facebook. On the other hand, besides of its negative, our group wants to observe how people use Facebook effectively since it is the most useful communication tool to most people. Research Method: Our research was done with the survey format of 22 questions. We developed questions with many concerns about Facebook. All the questions were related directly to our purposes, which are substitution of social life, distractions to school/work, privacy theft, and communication tool. Approximately each category will cover from 4 to 5 questions to get into deep understanding of the aspects. Each of the questions shows the list of answers for participants to demonstrate their thoughts. When we provide the survey to participants, we are not stay close to them to make sure that they could feel comfortable when filling the questions. We are not going to record any participants’ names and to remain them anonymous. To do that, we could get the answers honestly and that would serve the expectation of our group. Participants and Procedure: Our group met several times for the research very carefully to discuss what we would do for the plan. First, we decided to work on Facebook but it was such the general issue for us whether to go on its good or bad sides. Properly, many college students just see advantage sides but they do not perspective of its side effects. Hence, we combined both sides, and decided that we would concentrate more on the negative effects of Facebook. After gathering all the questions of each member, we filtered and arranged them in order in the survey. To collect and choose which questions are suitable for out hypotheses, it took us almost two weeks to come up with all agreements. Understanding that people are hesitating to help our research, the reasons are vary as they are in rush, they are lazy, or even they do not want to listen to what we talking about. Furthermore, we targeted on BHCC’s college student, so we finally chose to go to the BHCC’s library or started with our other classmates to get the results. Moreover, we provided our team members spent a week conducting the survey to ensure that they could do the project thoroughly. Especially, we already created Facebook group account for our members to share, to debate, and to discuss and make sure we were on the right track. Surprisingly, the results came out our pleasure: BHCC’s students were eager and happy to help us when asked to fill out with Facebook questions. However, very few numbers of participants answer our  survey quickly and unready, so we already ignore those minorities. Data Results and Analysis: Our group had a total of 162 surveys, which were added by all of our group members. In our last question we asking people about â€Å"What would you rather describe Facebook as?†, and the result did not surprise us, we already knew that as an assumption. More than half of our participants –118 out of 162 or 73 percent of total result consented that Facebook as a useful communication too. Some of them added that they used Facebook to communicate with friends and families, to share pictures, videos, status and information, or to kill time if bored; therefore, most of them choose to pick its good side as an answer. The last 27 percent, 44 of 162, chose â€Å"a powerful distraction† as the result (Figure 1). As you can see on the chart (Figure 2), it can explain why three-fourth of our participants prefers Facebook as useful tool (Figure 1). There are so many ways to use Facebook that suite with people interests. The majority of participants use Facebook to check mail, to chat, to communicate, and to update friends’ information as 97 of 497 (19%), 80 of 497 (16%), 75 of 497 (15%), and 62 of 497 (13%) respectively. Besides that, 4% users also log in Facebook for playing games/quizzes, and 9% use it for relaxing when bored. It is interesting that there are a small number of participants – 11 students, approximately 2% in total choose Facebook as a studying tool. As we mention above, Facebook is also distractive at work and school, and the statistic already proved this. 56 percentages – slightly above half of the percentages access to Facebook at home, 21 percentages and 4 percentages do that at work and school. The rest 19 percentages access by cell phones; even though we do not know exactly where they use them, we indicate they are not properly use them at home. (Figure 3) According to the results from survey, we divided this bar chart into two categories: addicted group and non-addicted group. The first group includes many times/day, more than 2 hours/day, 1-2 hours/day, and 3-5 hours/week. The other is 1-2 hours/week and less than an hour/week. Both groups have  nearly equal balance about 50 percent each; therefore, we could have more trustful information and it is not bias. (Figure 4) After all, we conclude BHCC’s students are not really addicted on Facebook. They contribute equally in both studying/working and relaxing on Facebook. We agree that Facebook right now is the most popular use in the world and it is on the way growing up, yet it still cannot replace other multimedia communications like phones in general, instant messengers, and in direct with person. In the figure 5, Facebook occupies the smallest percentage in the pie chart with 17%. The next two common ways of communicating with friends are using instant messengers like Yahoo, AIM, MSN, or Skype (19%), and socializing with friend face to face (18%). Absolutely, instant messengers and in person have theirs advantages in communication because we can listen and talk simultaneously, or even we can see our partner faces by webcams. The largest percentage is using phones which are 46%. They are still the most familiar way to exchange all the time by talking and texting. We assume that because of its lack of â€Å"live† features like those above, Facebook still cannot be a substitution in personal life. Figure 6 and figure 7 show us â€Å"How many friends are there in participant friend’s list?†, and â€Å"With how many out of your Facebook friends do you frequently communicate?† People tent to protect their privacies by having fewer friends than ever on Facebook, 53 percentages and 35 percentages are chosen to have less than 100 friends and from 100 to 200 friends in friends’ list (Figure 6). In there, 25% and 50% is the most common rank to contact with friends on friends’ list, approximately 52 percentages. The next best option is less than 25% with 31 percentages (Figure 7). Our results in the survey proved that people do not really want to socialize usually on Facebook; they just need Facebook to relax, not the place for them to put their personal information. In the next graph will show how Facebook users think of privacy when using it. (Figure 8) More than half of our respondents do not want to add unknown people as friends, about 70% (Figure 8). This could be explained, if they add them as friends, they do not contact with them on Facebook, according to figure 7. Generally speaking, people do not want to express themselves on social network. Conclusion: The result of doing this survey gives us better interpretation of how a social network could affect on people life. Especially BHCC’s students, they adopt and love Facebook’s features, but they could still control their time spending on it. Therefore, most of the students consider Facebook a helpful tool to socialize with others. Even though Facebook is good for students to communicate with other people and make their social life happier, sometimes, Facebook appears to be a distraction to their study and private life. Using Facebook too much can make student exhausted and also affect their health badly. In addition, it is important to realize that Facebook is only an online tool, and it cannot replace human being’s activities. Students should allocate their time spending on studying, socializing, and using Facebook effectively, so that they can balance their real life and their online life to avoid being distracted by any network. Limitation: Even our team has done with the research, but it still has limitations when doing this. Due to the lack of processing time and missing experience in each member of us, we extend more time on choosing questions, or picking for secondary research, and then filtering the result as well. The amount of seven weeks seems not enough for us to accomplish a professional research as others. In addition, funding is also significant too. Because we did have any fund for the research, so we mainly focus on BHCC college’s students and limit on the number of respondents. In our questionnaires, we would want to ask more questions about how distractive in performance of workers and students at Bunker Hill Community College, and we desire to collect more information from school staffs and professors. However, our results from the participants are appropriated because of respondent’s excitements and their honest answers. We are glad that they did cooperate very well with us. Works Cited N.p., n.d. â€Å"Facebook- The Complete Biography† Web. 13 May 2010. . â€Å"Facebook 101: Ten Things You Need to Know About Facebook.† EBSCOhost. Ed. Thomas Krivak. Information Today Inc. 2010. Web. 01 May 2010 .

Malcolm X Essay -- segregation, racism

"When a person places the proper value on freedom, there is nothing under the sun that he will not do to acquire that freedom. â€Å" – Malcolm X The Dictionary When those of us are asked to think of the legacy of a man, who confronted the issues at hand and pointed the fingers at the root and the existence of the problem, we think of Malcolm X. You begin to think of the powerful speeches and the passionate remarks made about the pressing issues that were at hand and you begin to think of the life he led and those he touched through his words. Some, would generalize that Malcolm x, had attended high school and even attended college. Well unfortunately they would be sadly mistaken. They have quite a clouded view on that man, who called himself Malcolm X. Shockingly; all of Malcolm’s education was through his time spent during his sentence in prison, for the crimes he committed on the street. It all began for Malcolm, during his time in prison when he was confronted countlessly by a man named Bimbi. Bimbi’s also an inmate at the time, had a broad knowledge of the world and its surroundings, and thus gave Malcolm a reason to change his way of life. Malcolm became frustrated when he was in able to express his...

Identify Unnecessary Services from a Saved Vulnerability Essay

Nmap/Zenman is an application that allows users to scan networks to see what ports and services are open. It can be used by network security to find holes in their networks and plan what to do with them or it can be used by hackers to scan other networks to get a clear look at a networks topology and map out where everything is and plan for an attack. In this case, we have a scan of our network at Corporation Techs and need to look at what services that we have and make a decision on whether or not we should keep or get rid of them. According to the scan we have, we have a bunch of difference services that we use. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is how our employees sent their mail. Post Office Protocol (POP) is the services on how we receive them. These are both important in any business so they could send and receive messages so I would not recommend closing them. As I look through more services that we have on our network, I notice that we have Sophos installed on our app server. Sophos is a company that works in anti-virus software. They been in business for a few years and to my knowledge they do a good job. However in this case we have enough anti-virus software and our network is very stable. Matter of fact, the scan also shows that we have other IDS and other services that will protect this network. I believe that Sophos is a good service but it is unnecessary at this time so I would suggest removing this. My plan for removing unnecessary services is simple. Go though our network to see we have and have not been using and make a list of services that are necessary to keep this network working. Any services that do not make the cut, gets cut.

Warid.Ppt

Marketing Plan WARID TELECOM’S BEST OPPORTUNITY FOR EXPANSION IN PAKISTAN SUBMITTED TO: PROFESSOR AHMAD QAMAR BY: 1. MOHAY-UD-DIN RUBBANI 2. MALIK WAHEED ? ACKNOWLEDGEMENT All glory and honor is for Allah, the Supreme Being who bestowed profound perseverance and ability on us to accomplish this work. We express our profound and cordial gratitude to offer thanks to our learned, kind and experienced teacher, Mr. Ahmad Qamar for his valuable guidance, constructive comments and continuous encouragement through out the research. Grateful acknowledgement is due to Mr. Naveed Saeed GM Sales & Marketing & Miss Rubab of Warid Telecom for allowing us to carry out our research for the completion of this project. ? Special & Grateful acknowledgement goes to our parents who enable us to perform such activities. Table of contents 1. Executive summary 2. Warid Telecom †¢? An Introduction 3. Marketing Environment †¢? Competition †¢? Technology †¢? Financial †¢? Social & Demographic trends †¢? Legal 4. Target Market †¢? Consumer or Industrial †¢? Buying Characteristics †¢? Market Potential 5. Product Positioning 6. Product †¢? Stage of PLC †¢? Classification †¢? Core/Augmented product †¢? Packaging and Labeling †¢? Warranties and Services 7. Distribution †¢? Market Coverage †¢? Channel Structure †¢? Logistics/Physical Distribution 8. Pricing †¢? Mark-ups †¢? Discount/Allowance †¢? Pricing Strategies 9. Promotion †¢? Advertisement †¢? Role of Personal Selling †¢? Publicity and Public Relations †¢? Sales/Trade Promotion 10. Ethical issues associated with this product 11. International marketing activities/opportunities 12. Bibliography ? Executive Summary This report is based on WARID TELECOM which is a GSM service provider in Pakistan by Abu Dhabi Group. ne of the largest groups in the Middle East and the single largest foreign investor group in Pakistan. Its services are admired by its ultimate customers in telecom as well as in banking field. ? This report is made by visiting different stores for the purpose of collecting the information about different aspects of the product i. e. , environmental factors, marketing mix, segmentation, positioning, distribution, pricing strategies, ethical issues, international marketing strategies and comments of the group about this product. WARID TELECOM: AN INTRODUCTION: Warid is an Arabic word meaning an Oasis in the middle of a desert. It is pronounced as Waa-rid. The meaning of our name directly depicts our dominant position and our refreshing services in the vast desert of telecommunication in Pakistan. Browse through our Portal to find out more about what Warid Telecom is all about, and become part of the true quality experience that we offer you. Warid Telecom has implemented a new and modern corporate identity as a result of the dynamic changes taking place in the telecom industry in Pakistan. With a reflection of a new strategy, our aim is to be perceived not only as a telecommunication operator of voice services, but also as a universal provider of comprehensive communications services for both residential and business customers. Warid's corporate identity seeks to reflect the changes in telecom sector in relation to helping customers keep pace with rapidly changing technology in the field of communication, and to harmonize the customers' perception of our brand with the quality and range of our services. Our objective is to provide optimum level of support and care through our highly skilled and motivated team of professionals and through maximum network coverage and clear connectivity that we have committed to provide. MARKETING ENVIRONMENT In present environment, Pakistan has gained growth rate of 18. 6% with 18,400,233 subscribers in mobile communication with in 05 years from 2000 to 2005 ? ? COMPETITION: Competition is there, mainly 06 companies are providing there cellular services in Pakistan (close competitors to one and other) 1. Warid 2. U-fone 3. Mobilink . Telenor 5. Paktel 6. Instaphone ? Following Table shows the Subscription Rate, which, help us to measure the clientele of these companies and their success with the pace of time ? SUBSCRIBERS: ? ?MobilinkUfonePaktelInstsphoneTelenorWaridTotalGrowth Rate 2000114,272 80,221112,000 306,49315. 39 2001309,272116,71196,623220,000 742,606142. 29 2002800,000 350,000218,536330,000 1,698,536128. 73 20031,115,000 550,000319,400 420 ,000 2,404,40041. 56 20043,215,989801,160470,021535,738 5,022,908108. 90 20057,469,0852,579,103924,486454,147835,727508,65512,771,203154. 6 Jul-05 14,119,25710. 56 Aug -05 15,511,0459. 7 Sept-059,010,8503,830,527954,528440,1591,200,9081,509,11116,946,0839. 2 Oct-05 18,400,23318. 6 (1) TECHNOLOGY: Warid is using â€Å"Ericsson† technology to provide telecom services in Pakistan. The basic features of its technology are: Billing: With Warid’s very simple billing procedures it makes sure that one is kept up-to-date with all the math that they do at their end. Warid offers one transparent billing and no nasty surprises. Its bill contains information like †¢? Warid to Warid call ? Local Calls to Other Operators †¢? International calls †¢? Local SMS with mobile no. and locality †¢? Incoming Calls †¢? Non charge able calls like emergency nos. & others †¢? Incoming SMS †¢? Warid information services SIM: Warid is currently providing SIM of 64 K (64 kilo byte) Warid’s comparison with others networks is given below; Mobile Service Provider: Technology: Frequency: Sim: Warid Ericson 900-1800MHZ 64K U-fone Huawei 900-1800MHZ 16-32K Mobilink Orascom 900-1800MHZ 08-16-32K Telenor Nokia Siemens 900-1800MHZ 32K Paktel N/A 900-1800MHZ 32K Instaphone Analog Service AMPS †¢ (2) FINANCIAL: Warid Telecom takes pride in being backed by the Abu Dhabi Group, one of the largest groups in the Middle East and the single largest foreign investor group in Pakistan. It has a diversified business interest in the institutions that have enjoyed commercial success as a result of its strong financial resources and extensive management expertise. The Abu Dhabi Group's major investments are in the following sector: 1. Oil and Gas Exploration, 2. Banking and financial Services 3. Automobile Industry, 4. Hospitality Services . Property Development, 6. Telecommunications Associated companies: Bank Alfalah Limited: Fully licensed commercial bank in Pakistan with over 70 branches in all the major financial centers of the country United Bank Limited: A leading commercial bank in Pakistan with a vast branch network of approximately 1,100 branches including 23 international branches, affiliates and representative offices in UAE, Bahrain, Qa tar, Yemen, Egypt, Iran, Switzerland, UK and USA Alfalah Exchange Company: Fully licensed exchange company in Abu Dhabi ? Iranian Sanden Industries PJS Co: A joint venture with Sanden Singapore to manufacture car air conditioners in Iran. The project has the capacity to produce up to 300,000 air conditioning units per annum J. C. Maclean and Co †¢? Manufacturers of high quality furniture †¢? Neo Pharma LLC †¢? Manufacturers of pharmaceutical products National Telesystems and Services (NTS) A joint Venture with Bin Jaber Group Ltd. and Thales International Middle East Holding S. A. L. Al Jazira Management Mall Management joint venture Abu Dhabi Vegetable Oil Company Manufacturer of edible oils Nama Development Enterprises Representation of leading companies in the UAE in the field of oil and gas, engineering, equipment suppliers, consultants, etc Wholly Owned Properties and Companies Le Royal Meridien Hotel, Abu Dhabi Previously known as the Abu Dhabi Grand Hotel, was re-branded in 2003 as Le Royal Meridien Hotel. It is a 5-star Hotel in the heart of Abu Dhabi. It will soon be offering 300 deluxe rooms and suites and other facilities Dhabi Contracting A special category construction company Dhabi Drilling Offshore Rig operations in collaboration with Sedco Forex Al Ain Palace Hotel A 4-star hotel in Abu Dhabi Dhabi Enterprises Leasing Leasing a number of groups and real estate properties across Abu Dhabi SOCIAL & DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS: While looking at social needs of a family and having an eye on economy (as two to three and plus members of a family are using Hand-held phone) Warid has launched a family package named â€Å" FRIENDS AND FAMILY† ? ? ? ? FRIENDS AND FAMILY: Friends and Family are On-net minutes only. No upfront line rent will be deducted on any post paid customer. Post-Paid connection costs will be Rs. 300. All free Airtime/ Value in post paid is one-time. Demographically Warid has launched prepaid connections according to the ncome level market. Warid’s post-paid connections are meant for low-income level, young stars and young executives like its SILVE & GOLD packages. POST-PAID PACKAGES FOR LOW-INCOME LEVEL Package: Silver, Gold, Connection, Postpaid, Postpaid, Activation Tax, 150, 150, Monthly Line Rent, 0, 150, No. of Friends & Family members, 5, 10, Monthly VAS Subscription, 50, 0, Free of Charge, Free outgoing Minutes (Monthly) 0, 60, Free SMS (Monthly Units) 0, 15, Free MMS (Monthly Units), 0, 3, Free Internet (Monthly Units), 0, 3, ? ? ? ? POST-PAID PACKAGES FOR MIDDLE & HIGH INCOME-LEVEL Package: Platinum, Diamond, Connection, Postpaid, Postpaid, Activation Tax, 150, 0, Monthly Line Rent, 500, 2,500, No. of Friends & Family members, 20, Unlimited, Monthly VAS Subscription, 0, 0, Free of Charge, Free outgoing Minutes (Monthly) 240, 1,000, Free SMS (Monthly Units) 50, 100, Free MMS (Monthly Units), 5, 10, Free Internet (Monthly Units), 5, 10, ? FOR LOW-LOWER INCOME-LEVEL For lower-lower income level Warid has launched its pre-paid connection i. e. ZEM. ? Package Silver Connection Prepaid Activation Tax 300 Free Airtime Rs. (On Activation) 150 No. of Friends and Family Members 5 Monthly VAS Subscription (Optional) 50 In Sindh Rs. 0 is levied as stamp duty on new connection sales LEGAL: According to Warid legally environment is fully protected TARGET MARKET: According to one of the representatives of Warid that Warid has divided its target market in to categories of A+, A-, B+, B-, C, D, E and F CATEGORIES: CHARACTERISTICS: A+ & A- Age group of 28 to 32, 40+ and of upper-income level (Urban) B+ & B - Age group of 22 to 27 and of lower-upper-income level (Urban) C Age group of 18 to 21 young stars (CORE TARGET) (Urban) D Age group of 13 to 17 and low lower income level all Ages(Urban) E & Users of Semi-urban areas (Has planned to launch) F Users of Rural Areas (Has planned to launch) ? ? Consumer or Industrial Warid is providing their packages at both levels. Consumer level is provided in this report, while, industrial level has variable domain, settled according to no. of connections and on the nature of packages according to line rents e. t. c. Buying Characteristics Warid is very much selective and stresses on value added purchases Market Potential Currently market is on SATURATION POINT as for Urban areas concern and as for as Rural Areas concern there is great POTENTIAL. Warid is going to launch its products in Semi-Urban and Rural Areas Product Positioning As Warid is new in the market of Pakistan and is still trying to make its position in the mind of customer better than existing big giant Mobilink. Although Warid is new in market but it has acquired a good position as for as Zero line rent post-paid connections and low rate pre-paid connections. In my point of view, as Warid launched its products in Pakistan with a MARKET PUSHER STRATEGY, while providing low rates, not only it has made its position better but also made other networks to reduce their prices. According to BCG matrix Warid falls under STARS, which shows its low market share and high growth rate. BCG model is given below, ? ? Product In market there are two basic categories of its product brands, which are ZAHI and ZEM. Zahi is meant for Post-Paid and Zem for Pre-Paid, their features and tariffs are given below. ZAHI Zahi is a Post-Paid brand with different packages, which are; †¢? Diamond †¢? Platinum †¢? Gold †¢? Silver ? ZAHI TARIFF: With Warid's unique billing system, one only get billed for a call on a 30 second basis when calling from Warid to Warid, Warid to PTCL landline and on all International Calls, rather than the existing per minute charges. This is not applicable on Off-net (other mobile operators) numbers in Pakistan. Package: Silver, Gold, Platinum, Diamond, Connection, Postpaid, Postpaid, Postpaid, Postpaid, Activation Tax, 150, 150, 150, 0, Monthly Line Rent, 0, ` 150, 500, 2,500, No. of Friends & Family members, 5, 10, 20, Unlimited, Monthly VAS Subscription, 50, 0, 0, 0, Free of Charge, Free outgoing Minutes (Monthly) 0, 60, 240, 1,000, Free SMS (Monthly Units) 0, 15, 50, 100, Free MMS (Monthly Units), 0, 3, 5, 10, Free Internet (Monthly Units), 0, 3, 5, 10, Voice (Peak Hours) Rs. per minute Friends and Family1. 501. 251. 000. 50 On-net (Warid to Warid)2. 001. 751. 500. 50 Off-net (National)3. 002. 752. 502. 00 International (Zone 1)9. 008. 007. 006. 00 International (Zone 2)18. 0017. 0016. 0015. 00 Voice (Off Peak Hours) Rs. per minute Friends and Family1. 001. 000. 750. 50 On-net (Warid to Warid)1. 501. 501. 250. 50 Off-net (National)2. 752. 502. 252. 00 International (Zone 1)8. 007. 006. 006. 00 International (Zone 2)17. 0016. 0015. 0015. 00 Peak Hours are 7am to 10pm, Off Peak Hours are 10pm to 7am Short Messaging Service (SMS) On-net (Warid to Warid)Rs. 0. 50 Off-net (National)Rs. 1. 00 International SMSRs. 5. 00 VAS (Rs. 3. per transaction) Surf Now (Mobile Internet) downloadper 200 Kb Picture Messagingper 100 Kb Warid Zone Content Downloadper 100 Kb ? ? ? ? Download SMS based content for Re. 1. 00 per transaction Download MMS based content for Rs. 4. 00 per transaction MMS unit is a message of size 100KB maximum Internet unit is an upload or download of 200KB MMS is charged both for receiving and sendi ng Notes All calls will be billed on a 30 second basis, except Off-net calls on other cellular operators, which will be billed on a per minute basis. Security Deposits will be as follows: Security Deposits NationalRs. 1,000 InternationalRs. 5,000 International RoamingRs. 20,000 The National security deposit will not apply to Diamond package, i. e. minimum security deposit will be Rs. 5,000. All free minutes and SMS are subject to taxes, however, no tax is leviable if they are marketed as bundled with line rent. Friends and Family are On-net minutes only. No upfront line rent will be deducted on any post paid customer. Post Paid connection costs will be Rs. 300. All free Airtime/ Value in post paid is one-time. †¢ ZAHI FEATURES: Basic Services: Caller Line Identification (CLI): This service enables you to identify callers at your discretion Conference Call: With Conference Call, you can teleconference with 6 people simultaneously. You can create conference calls with on-net (Warid to Warid) and off-net (national) numbers Call Waiting & Call Hold: Handle two calls at a time with your Warid phone. You can be on one call while the network will alert you about another incoming call. You can put the first call on hold while you answer the second call Call Divert: Whether you're unable to take a call, driving outside the national coverage area, traveling abroad or are busy, you can divert your calls to any other Warid number. Short Messaging Service (SMS): With SMS you can be as discreet or as creative as you like. Either way, sending a message is quick, reliable, confidential and if you want it to be†¦ great fun! Value Added Services: Voice Mail: Voice Mail allows you to receive your voice messages even when your mobile is switched off, you are outside the coverage are or are busy. You can retrieve these messages for free from your Warid phone at your own convenience. Picture Messaging & Multi-media Messaging Service (MMS): With MMS messaging is fun, colorful and musical. Add pictures, animations, polyphonic & MIDI sounds, even video clips to messages and show the world how amazing communications can be. Surf Now (Mobile Internet): Surf Now gives you the flexibility to browse the internet on your mobile phone or laptop anywhere you are. So, whenever you are on the internet, simply setup the internet connection from your GPRS/WAP enabled handset. Please note that both your handset and website need to be WAP enabled for this service to work. If you are using your laptop or if your phone supports windows internet browser such as Nokia 9500, i-Mate etc. you can log on to the normal www sites. 64K SIM: Warid presents the most powerful 64K SIM. Apart from the special WARID menu, the 64K SIM gives its users added flexibility to store up to 500 numbers and 50 text messages. No other SIM in the market offers this amount of storage space. Prepaid customers can replace their standard 32K SIM with the 64K SIM by paying a replacement fee. Warid Zone: The to the st ate-of-the-art SIM technology, one’s Warid SIM comes with a special WARID menu. This menu offers a bundle of services. Now you don't need to remember key words or short codes to access information any more. Key words have already been pre-coded in your SIM card, allowing you to get information†¦ easily and swiftly. ZEM Zem is Pre-Paid brand for low-lower class Zem Tariff Want a worthwhile Prepaid Package? With Warid's unique billing system, you only get billed for a call on a 30 second basis when calling from Warid to Warid, Warid to PTCL landline and on all International Calls, rather than the existing per minute charges. This is not applicable on Off-net (other mobile operators) numbers in Pakistan. Click here to compare our pre-paid tariffs with other cellular operators. Package Silver Connection Prepaid Activation Tax 300 Free Airtime Rs. (On Activation) 150 No. of Friends and Family Members 5 Monthly VAS Subscription (Optional) 50 In Sindh Rs. 50 is levied as stamp duty on new connection sales Voice (Peak Hours) Rs. per minute Friends & Family 1. 50 On-net (Warid to Warid) 2. 00 Off-net (National) 3. 00 International (Zone 1) 9. 00 International (Zone 2) 18. 00 Voice (Off Peak Hours) Rs. per minute Friends & Family 1. 00 On-net (Warid to Warid) 1. 50 Off-net (National) 2. 75 International (Zone 1) 8. 00 International (Zone 2) 17. 00 Scratch Cards are available in the following denominations: Rs. 00, Rs. 250, Rs. 500, Rs. 1000 All scratch cards valid till 12 months Peak Hours are 7am to 10pm, Off Peak Hours are 10pm to 7am Note: All charges are exclusive of Government taxes and levies such as sales tax at 15% and advance withholding tax at 10%. ?Short Messaging Service (SMS)? ?On-net (Warid to Warid)Rs. 0. 50? ?Off-net (National)Rs. 1. 00? ?International SMSRs. 5. 00? ?VAS (Rs. 3. 0 0 per transaction) ? ?Surf Now (Mobile Internet) downloadper 200 Kb? ?Picture Messaging & MMSper 100 Kb? Download SMS based content for Re. 1. 00 per transaction Download MMS based content for Rs. 4. 00 per transaction MMS unit is a message of size 100KB maximum Internet unit is an upload or download of 200KB MMS is charged both for receiving and sending ? ? ? ? Zem features: Basic Services Caller Line Identification (CLI) This service enables you to identify callers at your discretion Conference Call With Conference Call, one can teleconference with 6 people simultaneously. You can create conference calls with on-net (Warid to Warid) and off-net (national) numbers Call Waiting & Call Hold Handle two calls at a time with your Warid phone. You can be on one call while the network will alert you about another incoming call. You can put the first call on hold while you answer the second call Call Divert Whether you're unable to take a call, driving outside the national coverage area, traveling abroad or are busy, you can divert your calls to any other Warid number. Short Messaging Service (SMS) With SMS you can be as discreet or as creative as you like. Either way, sending a message is quick, reliable, confidential and if you want it to be†¦ great fun! Value Added Services Voice Mail Voice Mail allows you to receive your voice messages even when your mobile is switched off, you are outside the coverage are or are busy. You can retrieve these messages for free from your Warid phone at your own convenience. Picture Messaging & Multi-media Messaging Service (MMS) With MMS messaging is fun, colorful and musical. Add pictures, animations, polyphonic & MIDI sounds, even video clips to messages and show the world how amazing communications can be. Surf Now (Mobile Internet) Surf Now gives you the flexibility to browse the internet on your mobile phone or laptop anywhere you are. So, whenever you are on the internet, simply setup the internet connection from your GPRS/WAP enabled handset. Please note that both your handset and website need to be WAP enabled for this service to work. If you are using your laptop or if your phone supports windows internet browser such as Nokia 9500, i-Mate etc. , you can log on to the normal www sites. 64K SIM Warid presents the most powerful 64K SIM. Apart from the special WARID menu, the 64K SIM gives its users added flexibility to store up to 500 numbers and 50 text messages. No other SIM in the market offers this amount of storage space. Prepaid customers can replace their standard 32K SIM with the 64K SIM by paying a replacement fee. Warid Zone The to the state-of-the-art SIM technology, your Warid SIM comes with a special WARID menu. This menu offers a bundle of services. Now you don't need to remember key words or short codes to access information any more. Key words have already been pre-coded in your SIM card, allowing you to get information†¦ easily and swiftly. Zem Scratch Cards: What is a scratch card? As the name suggests it, a scratch card is a medium of recharging your account by acquiring a 16-digit code and inputing in your mobile phone for activation of that code. Our scratch card is a recharge coupon which has a holographic scratch field. This silver panel needs to be scratched off before any usage. Denominations The scratch cards are available in the following denominations: Rs. 100, 250, 500, 1000 ? ? ? Stage of PLC In the product life cycle stage Warid is new entry in market; after launching its products in Pakistan on 23rd may 2005 it is in introductory stage that can be best understood through graph, ? (5) Classification Basic classification is done on the basis of Post-Paid & Pre-Paid as per market and other Services/Features are provided in them. ? Core/Augmented product Customers are the most important element in any organization. Warid distinguishes them as our biggest assets, and we strive for excellence by listening to their needs. We work with our customers to gain an understanding of their business, their goals and their objectives, to ensure that they receive the best possible service and the right solutions to meet their demands. We seek to be trendsetters in customer service, with our ‘one stop' concept for all your telecom requirements. This will be achieved with the provision of a one window operation for on-the-spot issue resolution and one stop service. We have the maximum number of Sales and Customer Service Centers countrywide, with two state-of-the-art Contact Centers of international standards, equipped with cutting edge technologies to ensure real-time online services. Our highly trained and well-groomed team of Customer Service Executives are on hand 24 hours to provide support. We have established Corporate Lounges, with a customer-friendly environment to provide personalized care to our esteemed corporate clients. Furthermore, an extensive network of franchises, kiosks and mobile units ensure easy and convenient accessibility. Core/Augmented product of Warid is VALUE ADDED SERVICES as discussed above. Warranties and Services No sort of warranty is provided by Warid after sale but it does provide services to all the customers with it’s franchises and customer services. Warid has its network through out the cities in which it provides its services. Its network of franchises and customer service centers is discussed in next topic. Distribution Warid has PERSONAL BASE CENTERS. The description of personal base centers is given below, Franchises Warid Telecom is constantly establishing dedicated company owned sales and service centers in all the major cities and towns of Pakistan. Following is a list of the cities and the addresses of all our established franchises with our presence. ? CityAddress Lahore8 Ground Floor, Eden Centre, 43/A Jail Road, Lahore 10-A and 10 B UGF Century Towers, Lahore 25-Hunza Block Allama Iqbal Town, Lahore 7 Ground Floor Center Point main Boulevard, Gulberg Lahore 153 GT Road, Near Land Mark School, Lahore 42 Commercial Building, Jeweller Market Old Anarkali, Shahrah-e-Quaid Azam Lahore Digi Mart Sharif Chamber Ground Floor 68 Mazang Road Lhr. Opp. Micro Factory, Near PSO Petrol Pump, Main Peco Road, Lahore 39- Wahdat Road Office No. 103/10 Allama Iqbal Road, Gari Shau 34-G. T Road Shahdra 25-Empress Road, Lahore Main Boulevard Gulshan Ravi Near Zakoota Plaza, Lahore 367-E, Opposite Royal Arcade, Chungi Amer Sadhu, Main Feroze Pur Road, Lahore. Shop no 24 bagh ali road , girja chowk Lahore 7-Data Darbar, Near Palace Hotel Shell Pump Chowk Tajpura, Shadbagh, Lahore 14-A, Asif Chamber, Davis Road. Lahore 38-H Commercial LCCHS, DHA, Lahore. Shop#3, Ground Floor, M bhatti Building # E84, Main Boulevard Defence Lahore 229 Ravi Road Lahore 0-B, Shalimar Link Road, Opp Total Petrol Pump 89-A Bilal Center, Temple Road, Lahore. 2 Mcleod Road 33 Ferozepur Road 1003-Tufail Road Sadar Saraiy Rattan chind Main Bansawala Bazar, Shahalam Chowk, Lahore 946/B, Faisal Town, Maulana Shaukat Road, Lahore 35/B, Model Town Link Road E-22/29 Shaheen colony, Main walton Road 17-Commercial Area, Chouburji Chowk, Lahore. Shop No 1& 2, Raiwind Road, Near Hyundai Motors, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore 17 Ghazali Road, 2nd round about. Samanabad. Lahore 17-18 Agro Squre Main Shadman Market, Shadman Lahore Civic Center Garden Town Lahore 3/NIL/B-2, College Road, Town Ship, Lahore Opp. Bagh Rahmat Trust, New Airport Road. Bhatta Chowk, Lahore 1- B, Model Town, Lahore H # 4, Jail Road, Gulberg 5 SheikhupuraBank Alfalah Lahore Sargodha Road Sheikhupura KasurChowk Masjid Noor, Kasur IslamabadShop # 5, Block 12-C, Jinnah Super, Islamabad Shop # 6, Al Malik Center, Jinnah Ave, Blue Area, Islamabad Shop # 1, Shalimar Plaza, F-10 Murkaz, Islamabad Shop # 78, Executive Centre, I-8 Murkaz, Islamabad Shop # 2, Ground Floor, Shahbaz Plaza, G-6/1, Abpara, Islamabad Shop # 1, Ground Floor, Hassan Arcade, F-11 Markaz, Islamabad Shop # 7, Al-Baber Center, Markaz F-8, Islamabad Shop No 4 Nauman Plaza I-10 Markaz Isb Office # 8, Londen shoppingcentre, G-9 murkaz TaxilaShop#1 ,haider plaza faisal shaheed road taxila RawalpindiD- 109, Main 6th Road, Sattelite Town, Rawalpindi Next to Al-Bilal Plaza, Chandini Chowk, Murree Road, Rawalpindi Niazi Plaza Opposite Unique Bakers, Bank Road, Sadar, Rawalpindi Shop No-247-A (5 & 6) Dhamyal Road, Kalama Chowk, Kamalabad, Rawalpindi Property # 100, Near Shell Petrol Pump, Adayala Road, Rawalpindi Commercial Market Road, Opposite Bank Of Punjab. Choor Chook Main Peshawar Road, Rawalpindi Shop No. 11,212,213, Jamia Mujid Road Bunni. Office # 131,132,Ground Floor, Liaqat Road, Rawalpindi. Wah CanttB-1 Basti La La Rukh Wah Cantt AttockShop 16 Block B Civil Bazar Attock Ground Floor Main Double Road Attock AbbotabadGround Floor Gohar Arcade Supply Mnashera Road. Abbotabad Opp. Burnal College Ali Plaza Jandian Road Abbotabad PeshawarBurjaman Center Near KFC University Road Peshawar Shop 4,5,6 Aukaf Plaza YakaToot Road Peshawa r Haleem Tower Main GT Road Peshawar 24 The Mall Peshawar Cantt Ground Floor Mian Duble Road Hayataba Chowk Peshawar Tariq Sultan & co,Warid Franchise,Opp. LR Hospital, Kabli Road, Peshawer NowsheraShop 6 Army Welfare Shops Nowshera Cantt PubbiGround Floor Main Double Road Pubbi D. I. KhanMian Circular Road Near State Life Building D. I. Khan Shop 17 & 18 Aman Ullah Shopping center Double Road D. I. Khan FaisalabadAdjacent to Rayz hotel,Kotwali road, . Faisalabad Opp. To National Bank, Main SamonabadRoad, Faisalabad Old service shop, adjecent tochief boot house, katchery bazar, Faisalabad P-19/C, Main Susan Rd 213, Adjacent to Global Medical Center, Madina Town. Faisalabad Ajmal Arcade, 1st Floor, Main Rd, Betala Colony. Faisalabad Awan Plaza, Bole Di Jughi, Sargodha Rd. Faisalabad Raffaqat Plaza, Peoples Colony#1, Tanki Rd. Faisalabad Adjacent to Shaukat Khanum Lab, Main Gulberg Rd. Faisalabad Near Bata Shop, Millat Rd, Gulistan Colony#1. Faisalabad Main sadar bazar, near Aminia beakers, Gulam Muhammad Abad, Faisalabad. 9- Iqbal Stadium Faisalabad Sahiwal275 B-1, High Street Sahiwal OkaraAhmed Telecom, Church Road, Okara SargodhaOpp. Sadique Hospital, Main Bazar Sattelite Town, Sargodha 331-C, Civil Lines, University Rd, Opp DIG House. Sargodha 1 Joiya Market, Block 8, City Rd. Sargodha GujranwalaRahwali Chowk near sugar mill,G. T. Road Rahwali Granton hotel,G. T Road, Gujranwala Ali market,bairoon khiali darwaza,hafizabad rd,Gujranwala 64-D Jinnah Statdium,Gujranwala. Model Town Market, near Yummy 36,Gujranwala Old City centre G. T Road Near Pakistan Electronics,Gujranwala PO Jalil town,Qilla Chan G. T. Road,Gujranwala Satellite Town market. beside Rex dry cleaners,Gujranwala SialkotOpp. Liberty Market, Aziz Shaheed Road,Cantt Sialkot Paris rd. near Telephone Exchange,Sialkot Abbot Road,Near KASB Bank, Sialkot Lahore Marketing,Near Sony Square, Sony Building, Alam Chowk, Sialkot. Old National Bank building , opposite Gulistan Cinema, Kashmir Road , Sialkot GujratShop #1,2 & 8. Block †C† Naseem Plaza Budkey wala Chowk Rehman Shaheed Road Gujrat opp P. S. O Petrol Pump Bus Stand ram Talai Road Mashallah Plaza,Fawara chowk, Gujrat Ajmal Traders, B 1/169, Opposite Mirza Akram Hospital, Court Road Gujrat JhelumAkram Shaheed Park, Shandar Chowk, Jhelum GTS Chowk Near DHL Office, Jehlum Sara-i-AlamgirG. T Road Sarai Alamgir HafizabadGujranwala Road Hafizabad Mandi BahauddinJalal sevices punjab online Rafique Chowk Mandi Bahauddin Ammar Telecom, Opp. NBD Bank Kechehry Road Mandi Bahudin KarachiKhayaban-e-Ittehad, Defence Shop # 7, Rex Centre, Zaib-un-Nisa Street 9/1, 8th Commercial Street, Ph. IV, DHA Firdous Market, Firdous Colony, Rizvia Chowrangi Shop # 1,Minhas Electronics, I. I. Chundrigar Road Sober Center, Adamjee Nagar, Block B, Ghazi Salahuddin Road, Main Dhoerajee, CP Barrar Society Imperial Court, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Road Main Rashid Minhas Road Shop # 1, Building 8-D, Stadium Commercial Lane # 3, Phase 5, DHA Shop # FL-10/3, Block 5, Gulshan -e-Iqbal, Main Rashid Minhas Road Shop # 38/39, GF, Hashoo Terrace, Fl # 7 , Block 5, Clifton B 25, SMCHS, Shahra-e-Faisal Shop # 12, UBL Building, Gurumandir B 253, Block L, N. Nazimabad Shop # 1&2, Shah Faisal plaza North nazimabad Block B SC14/1, Sector 11/H, North 11th Commercial Street, Khayaban-e-Ittehad, Defence Shop # 1-2, Plot # 5E, 8th Zam Zama Commercial Lane, Phase V, DHA Shop # 4-5, Falak Naz Arcade, Shahr-e-Faisal Shop # 29, Hassan ali centre, M. A jinnah road Karimabad, near Mina Bazar, Federal B Area Opp. English biscuits Factory, KIA Plot # 185, Sector 11-L, Main ZMC Road, Orangi Town Abul Hasan Isphahani Road, near IBA Gate University of Karachi, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Plot # H 6/1 Showroom # 1, Main National Highway, Quidabad Lahandi Shop # 3-19, DMCHS, near Gahni Sons, Tariq Road 1-D, Main Sunset Boulevard, Phase 2, Defence Shop #23, RusiLake Drive,Block 18, Gulistan Johar Shop # C-2/3, Al Hassan Plaza, Block # 13-A. Gulistan Iqbal QuettaMetha Mehal Street Shop # 11, Gulistan Road, Opp. IG Office Main Jinnah Road, Idara-e-Saqafat Satellite Town, near Jillani Hospital HyderabadShop # 1, Safia High School, Saddar Cantt, Opp. Faran Hotel Shop # 14-25, Ward of Gul Center, Thandi Sadak Shop # 14, American Centre Tilak, Chari Road SukkerApwa Shopping Centre, near Dolphin Bakers, Main Queens Road Shop # 4-5, Sidra Terrace, Minara Road MultanShop # 13-14-15, Areej Commercial Centre, Old Ttehsil Chowk, Gulgasht Colony Bosan Road Shop # 1, Makkah Arcade, Near PTCL Exchange, LMQ Road, Dera Adda House # 1879-F/1, Khanewal Road Shop # 2-3-91, United Square, Nusrat Road, SP Chowk. Multan Cantt Shop # 36, Rahma Commercial Centre, Kutcheri Road BahawalpurCircular Road Near Fawara Chowk MuzzafargarhOpp. Fiaz Park, near National Bank Rahim Yar Khan28 model town, Adjacent Daewoo Booking Office ? ? ? Market Coverage Warid has covered 9. 782 % of total market share Warid’ s connections 1,800,000 Total Mobile users 18,400,233 Warid’s share 9. 782485 % (According to graph of Pakistan Telecommunication Authority given on pg. no. 07) ? ? Channel Structure Warid is having its Main/Head office in EFU House Building Lahore, with its Business Centre in Lahore Center Plaza on main boulevard Lahore. Warid has its basic distribution centers in all 28 cities of Pakistan as discussed above. Logistics/Physical Distribution Warid is manufacturing its products i. e. SIM outside the country with its central warehouse in Lahore and 03 regional warehouses in Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad. Pricing Pricing is simple and is provided above with tariff of Zahi and Zem. Additionally, Warid comprises no hidden charges. Mark-ups Mark-up is kept confidential and no information provided by them. ? Discount/Allowance Discount and allowances are provided only on corporate level. Pricing Strategies Pricing strategies is kept confidential and no information provided by them. Promotion Warid is promoting its trough all the means available. ? Advertisement Warid is using both, ATL (Above The Line) and BTL (Below The Line) advertisement for its products. Role of Personal Selling Role of personal selling is used by Warid through †¢? Interaction †¢? Events †¢? Shopping Centers Activities Publicity and Public Relations Warid is keeping public relationing and publicity in mind and doing great work on it, it has helped by 120 Million Rs. Relief fund in earth quick disaster. Sales/Trade Promotion Warid is doing Sales/Trade Promotions but kept confidential. Ethical issues associated with this product Warid is care full about ethical issues associated with its products but does not open them as per strict confidentially concern. International marketing activities/opportunities Warid is on availing international market and opportunities and hence it is launching its services in †¢? Bangladesh †¢? Afghanistan †¢? Sri Lanka ? ? ? ? ? ? ? BIBLIOGRAPHY ? (1): (Source: Pakistan Telecommunication Authority ? www. pta. gov. pk ) (2): (Source: Calls to Service Centers of respective networks Warid: 111-111-321 U-fone: 111 -333-100 Mobilink: 111-300-500 Telenor: 111-345-100 Paktel: 111-222-111 Instaphone: 111-500-500) (3): www. quickmba. com (4): www. waridtel. cpm. pk

The History of Kraft Foods

The History of Kraft Foods 1765: A Dorchester, Massachusetts, physician, Dr. James Baker, went into partnership with an Irish chocolate-maker, John Hannon and made Americas first chocolate mill.1780: The mill made the famous BAKERS chocolate.1880: The Empire Cheese Company of New York began producing PHILADELPHIA BRAND Cream Cheese for a New York distributor called Reynolds.1882: Isaac and Joseph Breakstone (Breakstone Bros) opened a small dairy store on New York Citys Lower East Side.1883: The now famous Oscar F. Mayer and his brothers Gottfried and Max started a meat market in Chicago.1889: Food salesman, William M. Wright, created a new baking powder called CALUMETÂ ® which he made at night and sold during the day.1892: Joel Cheek developed a coffee blend for the Maxwell House Hotel in Nashville, Tennessee, called MAXWELL HOUSE coffee.1946: MAXWELL HOUSE instant coffee was introduced to the American public after the armed forces used it in World War II.1895: In Battle Creek, Michigan, C.W. Post made the fi rst POSTUMÂ ®, a cereal beverage. Post created GRAPE-NUTSÂ ® cereal in 1897, and POST TOASTIESÂ ® corn flakes in 1908. 1897: Pearl Wait adapted an 1845 patent for a gelatin dessert. May Davis Wait named the new product JELL-O brand gelatin. In 1899, Orator Francis Woodward bought the trademark rights to JELL-OÂ ® for $450. Woodward launched the advertising campaign for Americas most favorite Dessert in 1902, thus ushering the era of psychological marketing.1903: J.L. Kraft started a wholesale cheese business in Chicago.1905: John Arbuckle created YUBAN coffee blend.1906: Oscar Mayer is one of the first meatpackers to obtain the Federal Meat Inspection stamp of approval.1907: Legend claims that when President Theodore Roosevelt was served a cup of MAXWELL HOUSE coffee and he proclaimed that it was GOOD TO THE LAST DROP.1914: J.L. Kraft Bros. Co. opened their first cheese factory in Stockton, Illinois, within a year they begin producing process cheese in tins. The U.S. government provided cheese in tins for the armed forces during World War I.1921: Louis Rich bought a truck and started his business i n Rock Island, Illinois. 1927: Edwin Perkins created a powdered fruit drink called KOOL-ADE, later called KOOL-AID. Perkins created KOOL-AID from his first product the popular soft drink syrup called Fruit Smack. The same year the Postum Company marketed SANKA decaffeinated coffee (first sold in the U.S. in 1923).1928: Kraft introduced VELVEETA process cheese.1933: Kraft introduced MIRACLE WHIP salad dressing at Chicagos Century of ProgressWorlds Fair.1936: Little Oscar and the WIENERMOBILE started the advertising campaign for Oscar Mayer Co.1937: KRAFT Macaroni and Cheese Dinner were introduced with the advertising slogan of Make a meal for 4 in 9 minutes.1949: MINUTE Rice was nationally distributed.1950: KRAFT Deluxe process cheese slices, the first commercially packaged sliced process cheese was introduced.1952: CHEEZ WHIZ pasteurized process cheese spread was introduced.1954: Kraft introduced CRACKER BARREL brand natural cheese.1957: The General Foods Corporation introduced TANG, breakfast beverage crys tals. 1963: The now famous wiener jingle first appeared in Oscar Mayer commercials.I965: The company introduced SHAKE N BAKE coating mix in two versions, chicken and fish.1966: COOL WHIP nondairy whipped topping was introduced.1972: STOVE TOP stuffing mix was introduced.1973: GENERAL FOODS INTERNATIONAL COFFEES flavored coffees were introduced.1981: General Foods Corp. bought Oscar Mayer Co.1983: Kraft introduced LIGHT N LIVELY low-fat yogurt, the first US yogurt in a six-pack.1985: Philip Morris Companies Inc. buys general Foods Corporation.1986: Kraft purchased Tombstone Pizza Corporation of Medford, Wisconsin (est.1962).1988: Philip Morris Companies Inc bought Kraft, Inc. Oscar Mayer introduced LUNCHABLES.1989: Philip Morris Companies combined Kraft, Inc. and General Foods Corporation to form Kraft General Foods, the largest food company in the U.S. DI GIORNO brand refrigerated pasta and sauces were introduced.1993: Kraft General Foods acquired NABISCO ready-to-eat cold cereals from RJ R Nabisco. 1995: Kraft General Foods was renamed Kraft Foods, Inc. DI GIORNO RISING CRUST pizza was introduced.1996: BREAKSTONES snack-size cottage cheese, the first four pack of 4-ounce cups.1997: POST-Cranberry Almond Crunch and POST Honey Nut Shredded Wheat cereal was introduced. Sparkling White Grape flavored JELL-O gelatin was introduced in celebration of the brands 100th anniversary.1998: STOVE TOP OVEN CLASSICS were introduced. The same year KRAFT introduced EASY MAC macaroni and cheese dinner, a microwavable, single-serve product.

Top 5 Best Pieces of Advice from Elon Musk

Top 5 Best Pieces of Advice from Elon Musk Elon Musk is a man of the future. Born in South Africa, he’s an inventor, entrepreneur, investor, and visionary- now a hugely successful businessman and leader. You’d hardly think to look at him that he was bullied in school, a product of divorce, and raised thousands of miles away from centers of global commerce. His computer skills and interests, however, took him to college in Canada, and then towards the founding of a software company called Zip2 with his brother Kimbal. Musk used the profits from that sale to co-found X.com, which, together with Confinity, would later become PayPal.Since then, he’s founded SpaceX to advance rocket technology for future space travel. This company has only grown while NASA has been stymied with budget cuts. In 2008, he took over leadership of Tesla Motors, which is now a leading automotive innovator. He also is responsible for Solar City, in an effort to combat global warming by reducing emissions through solar energy innovati on.He’s worth over $12.5 billion and still isn’t done. Remember, this is the guy who taught himself to code in only three days. What can you learn from him for your own career inspiration?1. Have a goal.Don’t just make your goal to â€Å"make a lot of money† or â€Å"get promoted to X.† Have a goal that’s both compelling and meaningful. Figure out how to make things better, or to do something significant. If the company or product doesn’t exist yet, be on the forefront of making it real.2. Seek criticism.Don’t be delusional and think you and your ideas are infallible. Get as much feedback as you possibly can from people you trust. Make sure you keep examining yourself to make sure you truly believe in your ideals and aren’t just after some unrealistic dream for the wrong reasons. Be gracious when someone tells you to rethink one aspect of your plans.3. Don’t spread yourself too thin.Don’t try to run multipl e empires or companies. Concentrate on doing one thing, or building one company at a time, and giving that project your all. On the other hand, you should be working harder and longer than everybody else. That’s how you get more done in less time, and how you get ahead.4. Don’t fear failure.Failure is a normal part of the innovation process. Make friends with this. If you think something is probably going to end up in failure, but it’s important enough to try, make sure you go for it. Failure is generative. Failure is a necessary component of innovation.5. Choose to be extraordinary.According to Musk, â€Å"people can choose to be ordinary.† Choose the opposite. Challenge and question norms. Do the unexpected. Strive always for greater goals and deeds.

You choose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

You choose - Essay Example The Hammurabi code also devoted some sections to deal with the problems created by alcohol abuse. In the American society, the place of alcohol had been ambivalent. Drinking has been termed as the major cause of economic catastrophe. Drinking has been blamed for causing crimes, military defeats and diseases as well. To manage the crisis, the drinking ages have been increased in order to save young people from the vice. Since the early 1800s, organized efforts have been made to limit drinking and the role of alcoholic beverages in the U.S. However, the subject of alcohol has provoked strong conflict and controversy. Alcohol has proved to be the symbolic issue where the struggle for primacy in social status has been fought between the differing life styles. Although alcohol is associated with numerous personal and social problems, its use is widely accepted. In 1970, congress passed an amendment that granted the right to vote to citizens between the ages of 18 to 21. The movement started to extend other rights and privileges of adulthood to those aged 18. Between 1970 and 1975, some 29 states reduced their minimal drinking age. However, the change provoked even more controversy since a concern arose over the number of young people involved in car accidents that happened to be alcohol related. Certainly, there was need to do something (Hanson). In order to solve the problem, a legal solution had to be sought through legislation. In order to resolve the issue, it would be necessary to determine the age at which young people are mature into adulthood. Alcohol consumption is dangerous and sinful. It can easily lead to problems in behavior. Drinking, in any degree is undesirable because moderate social drinking is the forerunner of chronic inebriations. Young people, if not everyone, ought to be protected from alcohol. Other attempts aside from minimizing the drinking age have been made too. Such