Domestic Violence among African Americans Essay

Domestic violence is abuse that occurs within a personal relationship. It can occur between former or current spouses or significant others. Domestic violence doesn’t have a name it affects both men and women of any race, religion; gay or straight; upper class or low class; adolescents, adults, or seniors. But most of its victims are women rather men. While domestic violence is present in all races, the existence among African Americans is significantly higher in the United States. There are many elements that have been shown to stimulate a person to engage in domestic violence examples are failing relationships, lack of employment, poor school systems, violent communities, drug use and the multitude of nearby accessible liquor stores. Experiencing any these situations can lead to strong emotions that can ultimately result in domestic violence. People who experience domestic violence are deeply affected and often live in fear. This plague has broken down and destroyed many African American communities. There are serious physical and mental health risks involved in domestic Violence. Abortion, stress, unconsented sexual encounters, possible suicides, complicated pregnancies and murder are few possible physical results from domestic violence. (Bent-Goodley, 2004) Abuse, control and violence are components of domestic violence. Neither the abuser nor the person being abused are winners in these type of situations. The abuser actions shows characteristics of controlling, anger, oppressor, possessiveness, power and liar. The abusers victims are usually people that can be manipulated, scared and shielded by the abuser. Although the abuser may be an adult most often their mental capacity displays child like behavior. A child will typically throw fits and become angry when things don’t go their way or they didn’t get what they wanted. This anger that possess is shown through mental and physical abuse . Abuser are usually not very open people and they believe that are right in every situation. However, they never take the blame for their actions and tend to blame others, most often their spouse. The victims  of abuse tend to show characteristics of having low self-esteem, sadness and being unconfident about themselves. Often the victim believes that this type of physical and verbal abuse should be inflicted upon them. (Agazie, 2011) Generally, a victim or spouse show signs of previously experiencing an unstable and hostile childhood, and possibly being abused as a child. As a result, they feel like an unwanted and scared child who is weak, instead of like an adult. African Americans who survive domestic violence, child abuse and community violence consistently engage in various types substance abuse at higher rates. (Hill, et al, 2012) African American abusers who has previously used a weapon or threatened their spouse with one during arguments, will more than likely kill them by lethal violence. It is stated that 80% of African American women who have murdered their partners had a history of abuse. Violence and nonviolence have been proven behaviors that are learned. Social and cultural beliefs, outlooks on life, examples, role models influences on whether a person decides to engage in volatile or nonvolatile behavior. It is very key to know how a person elects to use violence or nonviolence. (Wimberly, 2000) Statistics have shown that African American women are more prone to leave an abusive relationship and then return to it compared to white women. (Agazie, 2011) African American women suffer mistreatment over a long period of time and have a tendencies fight back. Close to 50% of victims that attempt to leave their abusive relationship are killed by their partners. (Williams, et al, 2008) African American women are brought up as younger girls under strong religious belief and family values. They are taught at a young age that once you get married you do what it takes not to become a victim of divorce. They are told that it may not be easy but you are married for life once you have made that commitment. With this type of upbringing African American women tend to procrastinate and often hesitate leaving an unhealthy marriage due to their beliefs. Most people don’t not understand the reasoning behind women staying in this form of relationship. While the reasons for their reluctances to leave an abusive relationship are uncertain, some likely justifications would be (1) when searching for a spouse African American women have a smaller amount of choices than White women; (2) African American women’s income is normally lower than of most  White women; (3) Black women are reluctant to call the police due to the trust that African American in the justice system. Unfortunately, most battered and abused Black women find no other way out of the relationship and resort to killing their partners. Losing financial means may also contribute to the reason why African American women of lower class are reluctant to report abuse. The abusing spouse may take care of the victim financially by providing a place to stay, clothes and food and, in order to keep their current living status so they remain quiet about the abuse. Reputation may play a part in why African American women of higher class hesitate to report abuse because they don’t want to put their reputation at risk. Another reason why abused victims remain quiet is because they may not be taken serious by law enforcement. It has been confirmed that domestic violence is treated more like a private family matter rather than serious matter. Typically when law enforcement is called to a domestic violence scene, no arrest is usually made and if they are ever prosecuted the case is usually dismissed. (Hampton, et al, 2008) In many cases I have found that the African American community seems to accept, if not encourage, the domestic violence that exists within it. While it is easy to blame education or social rank for a couple’s behavior or society’s reaction to it, these factors are often not as important as one might expect. A woman with multiple degrees or at the highest level of social strata is as vulnerable to domestic violence as the woman who did not graduate form high school. It equally as likely for a man who is born to an upper middle class family and a man born to a family tha t lives in poverty to participate in an abusive relationship. The Black church has always and continues to be a pillar of strength to Black families and communities. The Black church has been a powerful force in the Black community. Domestic violence is a tough situation to endure, so many African Americans turn to prayer to cope with the difficulties in their lives. (Watlington & Murphy, 2006) The Black church has been unreliable and, at times, inadequate in reacting to domestic violence situations. (Bent- Goodley, et al, 2012) For instance on August 22, 2007, Bishop Thomas Weeks, pastor of an independent ministry that worked out of the Global Destiny Church (Haines, 2007) assaulted his wife, Juanita Bynum. This assault is significant not only for the positions held by the participant, but also for the actions taken by the African American  community itself. According to Haines (2007) the community did not speak out against the pastor after the beating. Rather, some members of the community spoke in support for the pastor. Haines quotes one individual as posting a message to Weeks’ MySpace page that read, â€Å"Bishop Weeks, don’t be discouraged, but be encouraged. Stand firm and know that the Lord is mighty in battle†. Haines reports that another community member asked her own pastor about the Weeks domestic abuse case, only to find that â€Å"he had no reaction to the abuse and only provided him with scriptures.† making her wonder what he could offer her if she were a victim of domestic abuse (Haines, 2007). While this situation may be distressing, it is not unusual. According to Jordan (2005) â€Å"When African American men act as bullies toward African American women they tend to engage in active-passive renunciation†, which leaves abused women the choice of speaking out or being ostracized. What kind of message does this send? As a young girl I watched my mother be abused countless times by my very own father. She endured this abuse for many years and it appeared as though she would never leave him. It was as if she was accepting of it or had merely gotten used to it. Then one day after 13 years she left and didn’t look back. Although she didn’t speak out about it, she removed herself from the situation. Most of my family knew about the situation but never brought it up. Years later my father eventually changed for the better. I believe that change has to come from within. You can acquire help and assistance but until you want to change no one can help you. It is difficult to create successful programs and mediation approaches that are geared towards domestic violence without fully understanding how African Americans grasp and distinguish this disease. (Bent-Goodley, 2013) Domestic abuse is not distinctive to the African American community. As it stands, whether an African American woman is rich or poor, educated or not, she is at grave risk of being abused by her partner. As it stands, that woman is also at grave risk of being rejected by her community and even her family, if she speaks up about her abuse. Domestic abuse is not limited to only woman but the percentages are outstandingly high compared to an abused make victim. This violence must come to an end. Through education from within, it might be possible to initiate change. References Williams, Oliver J.; Oliver, William; Pope, Marcus. (2008). Domestic Violence in the African American Community. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p229-237. 9p. Agazie, Maxine. (2011). Cultural Considerations Impacting Domestic Violence Among African American Women: Implications for Social Work. Conflict Resolution & Negotiation Journal, Issue 1, p138-141. 4p. Watlington, Christina G.; Murphy, Christopher M. (2006). The roles of religion and spirituality among African American survivors of domestic violence. Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol. 62 Issue 7, p837-857. 21p. Bent-Goodley, TB. (2013). Domestic Violence Fatality Reviews and the African American Community. HOMICIDE STUDIES, Vol. 17, Issue 4; p375-p390. Bent-Goodley, Tricia B. (2004). Perceptions of Domestic Violence: Health & Social Work, Vol. 29 Issue 4, p307-316. 10p. Hill, Nicholle; Woodson, Kamilah; Ferguson, Angela; Parks, Carlton. (2012). Intimate Partner Abuse among African American Lesbi ans: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Theory, and Resilience. Journal of Family Violence, Vol. 27 Issue 5, p401-413. 13p. Campbell, Jacquelyn; Campbell, Doris W.; Gary, Faye; Nedd, Daphne; Price-Lea, Patricia; Sharps, Phyllis W.; Smith, Cheryl. (2008). African American Women’s Responses to Intimate Partner Violence: An Examination of Cultural Context. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p277-295. 19p Bent-Goodley, Tricia; St. Vil, Noelle; Hubbert, Paulette. (2012). A Spirit Unbroken: The Black Church’s Evolving Response to Domestic Violence. Social Work & Christianity. 2012, Vol. 39 Issue 1, p52-65. 14p. Wimberly, Edward P. (2000). The Civil Rights Movement as a Potential Mentoring Model for Ending Domestic Abuse. Journal of Religion & Abuse, Vol. 2 Issue 1, p33. 16p. Hampton, Robert L. LaTaillade, Jaslean J.; Dacey, Alicia; Marghi, J. R. (2008). Evaluating Domestic Violence Interventions for Black Women. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma , Vol. 16 Issue 3, p330-353. 23p. Haines, E. (2007). Charges against husband put new focus on televangelist. USA Today.com. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-01-ynum_N.htm Jordan, L. M. (2005). Domestic violence in the African American community. Retrieved from http://new.vawnet.org/Assoc_Files_VAWnet/RoleoftheBlackChurch.pdf

Frank Lloyd Wright Versus Takao Akiyama Architecture Essay

Frank Lloyd Wright ( 1869-1959 ) – one of the monolithic designers in USA history. For more than seventy old ages of his calling, he has done for the development of modern architecture, more than any other creative person in the West. Wright has put frontward the rule of organic architecture – that is unity and is an inseparable portion of the human environment. He formulated the thought of continuity of architectural infinite, contrasted with articulation and underline selected parts in classical architecture. Based on this thought alleged â€Å" unfastened program † method is among the agencies used by all the currents of modern-day architecture. However, the influence Wright goes far beyond the laminitis and current, alleged organic architecture. Image 1 Froebel ‘s blocks Wright was born in June 8, 1867 in Richland-Center, Wisconsin, USA, in the household of William Russell Wright, a music instructor and church leader, and Anna Lloyd Wright, a instructor from a celebrated household in Wisconsin, Lloyd. He was raised in Unitarian church canons. As a kid played a batch with â€Å" developing † blocks â€Å" Kindergarten † designed by Friedrich Froebel ( see image 1 ) . These were geometrical forms from which could be assembled composings in different combinations and 3-dimensional signifier. And eventually, the books of Ruskin and Eugene Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc influenced the hereafter of the designer, likely more than two old ages spent in the technology college of the University of Wisconsin, which he failed to complete. Wright ‘s parents divorced in 1885 because of the Wright ‘s male parent inability to back up the household. Wright was educated at place, non go toing school. In 1885 he joined the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Wisconsin. In university, he works parttime helper to a local civil applied scientist. Wright left the university without having a grade. In 1887 he moved to Chicago, where he settled in the architectural house of Joseph Lyman Silsbee, an disciple of eclectic method. A twelvemonth subsequently he joined the house of Adler and Sullivan, headed by well-known ideologist of â€Å" Chicago School † L. Sullivan. Since 1890 company has entrusted Wright all the undertakings on building of residential existent estate. But few old ages subsequently, in 1893 Wright had to go forth the company when Sullivan finds out that Wright designs houses on the side. In 1893 Wright founded his ain house in the Chicago suburb of Oak Park. By 1901 he has 50 undertakings in his list of work.Wright ‘s basic rulesIn the architecture Wright sought to incarnate an thought which importance goes beyond the specific type of edifice. Execution of this thought was connected with the survey of traditional Nipponese architecture, which Wright became interested in the 1890 ‘s. Nipponese house was as supreme illustration of how the designing should extinguish non merely unneeded, but even more, to except unimportant. In the American house he excluded everything what is fiddling and confounding. Wright did even more. In merely functional elements that frequently were unnoticed, he opened a antecedently concealed power of expressiveness, every bit good as the subsequent coevals of designers has revealed the concealed strength of look in design. Wright reduced to a minimal figure of necessary parts of the edifice and the figure of single suites in the h ouse, organizing an enclosed infinite as subdivided so that the whole was permeated the air and freely position, giving a feeling of integrity. Fallingwater is one of the most celebrated Wright ‘s undertakings ( see image 2 ) . It ‘s a state Villa, built in a wood near the brook. The basic rule of constructive and spacial construction of the building consists in the fact that convergences are strengthened concrete cantilever slabs stick outing from the cardinal massif in the different waies and at the different degrees. Image 2 Fallingwater house, exterior The chief portion of the country of the first floor is a big common room, which is being freely connected, harmonizing to the rule of fluxing infinite, the dining room, kitchen and hall, which is connected through abundant Windowss and multiple glass doors to the outside patio infinite, every bit good as through stepss with a brook at the underside ( see image 3 ) . Image 3 Fallingwater house, interior, living room Interior and external environment are non separated, in add-on to that for the smooth ocular communicating there are used big planes of glazing, outer infinite penetrates between the stick outing consoles of overlap slabs, and the infinite continues outside on the patio. As in other houses of Frank Lloyd Wright, the texture of the walls inside is the same as the exterior. The interior the wood paneling mitigates the badness of rock and concrete. Glazing ever protected from the Sun. Above the entrywaies are installed cantilever canopies, solid or lattice. The chief Willard huntington wrights rules were: Tie the edifice as a whole with its site by doing it a horizontal length, and underscores the planes which are parallel to the land, but non to busy the best portion of the secret plan with the edifice, go forthing that the best portion for its usage, for the maps associated with house life. Do non do a room the box, and the house – the other box, do non turn the walls into a screen, enveloping the infinite. Ceilings, floors and cladding screens must rinse out each other, organizing one common enclosure of a infinite holding a minimal unit. Make all proportion of the house closer to a human graduated table, a constructive solution with the lowest ingestion degree and the most appropriate usage of stuffs, and the whole – most suited for life in it. Apply consecutive lines and sleek form. Extract the foundation of the house, incorporating the insanitary cellar of the Earth and topographic point it wholly over the Earth, turning it into a lower cap for the residential portion of the house, do a foundation in the signifier of a low rock platform on which to stand the house. All the necessary gaps to the exterior or indoors, aligned with human proportions and put them in the strategy of the edifice of course – whether in a individual signifier, or in groups. Delete the combination of different stuffs and, wherever possible, seek to utilize the same stuff in building. Make non to utilize decorations that do non follow from the nature of the stuff, so that the edifice would clearly show the topographic point in which being lived and the general character of the edifice would be an grounds of this.Takao Akiyama rulesNowadays the most claimed Ethno Style A ­is the Nipponese, or as it is frequently called, Nipponese minimal art, noted for its desire for simpleness and functionality. Takao Akiyama is a Nipponese designer known for his ability to suit the single-family house into urban milieus of Japan metropoliss. Japan came to minimalism non merely in the chase of aesthetics, but it was a effect of national features and life in a instead freakish clime, with the changeless menace of temblors. Nipponese house is frequently a portion of the garden, so the continuance of traditional inside ever has been a landscape, which is one of the rules o f Takao Akiyama architecture. In geographically little, overpopulated state particularly appreciated is the infinite, so the internal construction of the premises – the usual furniture and other properties of the house is minimized. The absence of otiose things is the basic regulation of minimal art. Daylight in the house is the chief beginning of lighting. Fu-1 house is built in the outskirts of the metropolis which has a arresting position of the Fieldss and mountains ( see image 4 ) . Akiyama wanted to confront a simple thought of planing a house – to make a shelter that protects from different conditions manifestations. Image 4 Fu-1 house, exterior â€Å" The full site is wrapped with the roof, wall or floor, and merely the halfway tribunal is unfastened up to make â€Å" eave † consequence. It has reinforced concrete construction and there is no a wall on the side of the pace, hence there are back uping Fe columns which besides work every bit window frames. All the elements are straight painted onto concrete with water-and-heat-proofing stuff. Merely the floor does non hold the heat-proofing map because of the floor warming system in it. â€Å" ( Fu-1 house, Takao Akiyama ) Takao Akiyama believes in a simpleness that why he does n't utilize many colourss and textures in his designs, which another design rule. Main colour is white and the construction stuff is concrete. â€Å" Interior besides don ‘ have excessively much connotations. In general, a house has a life room for relaxing, a kitchen for cookery, and a sleeping room for kiping, intending the designer limits the use. Interior measuring is based on the 3 metres width which the dwellers can experience the length of the house instead than width and that besides minimal figure people can freely busy. From the entryway to each room to the bathroom at the terminal, there can be seen a halfway pace at any minute on the right. For the smooth passage from one room to another, there are no walls in the way to forestall the watercourse. All the doors are skiding doors and foldaway doors except the 1 in bathroom – bathroom has glass door. † ( Fu-1 house, Takao Akiyama ) There is a plentifulness of infinite in the house ( see image 5 ) . With the aid of screens, drapes, beads in the floor, skiding dividers, etc. house can be divided into â€Å" functional countries † . Screens make infinite of the house visible radiation and transparent. By rearranging screens, the can be updated the interior though every twenty-four hours. Image 5 Fu-1 house, interior, dining room All the elements of the inside have a concise, geometrical form. A characteristic difference of a minimal art is the absence of decor and excess accessorizing. Image 6 Fu-1 house, interior, living room There is usage of simple natural coating stuffs: concrete, glass, metal, wood or plaster. Complete deficiency of decor creates an increased demand for stuffs, as in this instance, pieces of furniture themselves become decorations. Furniture and wall surface is smooth, without texture ( see image 6 and 7 ) . Image 7 Fu-1 house, interior, bathroom â€Å" The sequence of oculus motion to the outside is every bit of import as to the inside. There are several fast ones that some points catch your oculus to outside. Standing by the kitchen, on the left you can see the neighbour ‘s garden and on the other side you can see the stepss to the rooftop and the little stone pace under the steps. This is besides can be a pool which brings ice chest position in the summer. Besides there is couple more of those musca volitanss in the exterior. When you enter the house, you can see the trees of neighbours. † ( Fu-1 house, Takao Akiyama )DecisionFrank Lloyd Wright was a large disciple of Nipponese architecture, which manner is established on harmoniousness with nature. He believed that house should extinguish all unneeded and interior should be a continuance of the outside. A similar Wright Akiyama admires simpleness. Both designers used a strengthened concrete as a chief edifice stuff of their houses. Both houses are the building of the rectangular fields traveling in the different waies and at the different degrees making a volume which is a living infinite. Both designers consider that the interior grace of the infinite is in that small that is in the house. In both insides there are merely necessary pieces of furniture which create an ambiance of a place that contributes speculation, repose, relaxation from the attentions and problems of the outside universe. An image of the house, that both designers built, testifies that his maestro is wise, is non capable to the hustle and pandemonium of the outside universe, is able to see beauty in the mundane and look up to it. It ‘s the house where reigns the nothingness, air and visible radiation.Bibliography list:Early old ages, About Frank Lloyd Wright, Retrieved 23 October 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.architectstudio3d.org/AS3d/about_wright.html The Future of Architecture,1953, Frank Lloyd Wright, Horizon Edition DJ Wright ‘s calling, Retrieved 23 October 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wrightnowinbuffalo.com/whattodo/wright_legacy.asp # calling Fu-1 House, Takao Akiyama, Retrieved 23 October 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.akiyamatakao.com/sub8.htmImage Beginnings:Froebel ‘s blocks, Retrieved 23 October 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ozpod.com/store/froblox.html Fallingwater house, exterior, Retrieved 23 October 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //vinci.org/uml/motive.html Fallingwater house, interior, living room, Retrieved 23 October 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //posterous.com/people/favorites/10FySBFY7N7 Fu-1 house, exterior, Retrieved 23 October 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //1dom.wordpress.com/2009/09/30/gorodskoi-dom-s-lujaikoi/fu-1-house-1/ Fu-1 house, interior, dining room, Retrieved 23 October 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //1dom.wordpress.com/2009/09/30/gorodskoi-dom-s-lujaikoi/fu-1-house-13/ Fu-1 house, interior, living room, Retrieved 23 October 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //1dom.wordpress.com/2009/09/30/gorodskoi-dom-s-lujaikoi/fu-1-house-9/ Fu-1 house, interior, bathroom, Retrieved 23 October 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //1dom.wordpress.com/2009/09/30/gorodskoi-dom-s-lujaikoi/fu-1-house-15/

All quiet on the western front by Erich Maria Remarque

All quiet on the western front by Erich Maria Remarque Essay In one part of our being, a thousand years. By the animal instinct that is awakened in is we are led and protected. It is not conscious; it is far quicker, much more sure, less fallible, than consciousness. One cannot explain it56. On the battlefield of any war, past or present one would think any soldier had felt that sense of survival at one point or another. This could be named impulse acted on by fear, nervousness, or as the quote defined it, instinct in violence. The very descriptive violence in the book is one of the large clues that tell us Erich Maria Remarque, the author, is telling us some of the events he had to go through when he served in the war. Other wise it would have been another boring war novel of which classes could be spared the time. These points in the novel All Quiet on the Western Front, can be greatly explained and identified. When confronted with his survival, this instinct can drive a man to do anything for survival, even turn his senses and behavior into a wilder state of human evolution. One of the strongest themes in the book is that war makes man inhuman when confronted by violence and, or in war. From the authors point of view soldiers were often compared to various non-living objects, that were inhuman. The soldiers are often compared to coins of different provinces that are melted down, and now they bear the same stamp. 236 Remarque thinks that the soldiers mind-state has been changed from when they were school boys, the stamp being the mark of the soldier, changing them forever. Also soldiers are compared with automatons or more commonly referred to as robots. In reminder of all soldiers of either side had to go through and witness without the traumatizing violence and gore one would not have much understood this point. To a country or at least in charge, the soldiers are no more than this: inanimate devices of war or pawns. Remarque uses this analogy to give the impression that the soldiers are enduring the same feeling over and over again, as if they were inhuman. In this classic war story Remarque also describes the soldiers as inhuman wild beasts in addition to the non-living objects. Paul states that when soldiers reach the zone where the front begins they are transformed into instant human animals56 Remarque explains the zone is like a magical line; once crossed the soldiers are not the same persons as they were in a safe distance. Experiencing violence on the front trapped in a crater of a shell, though protected by it, Paul Baumer feels such desperation. My eyes burn with staring into the dark. A star shell goes up;-I duck down again. I wage a wild and senseless fight. I want to get out of the hollow an yet slide back into it again; I say you must, it is your comrades, it is not an idiotic command and again what dies it matter to me, I have only one life to loose. 211 This could mean even then though acting as some beast for survival he too has scrummed to the belief he is just another pawn. As nothing more than wild beasts Remarque states that the German soldiers are only defending what they have, not attempting to take what they dont We have become wild beasts. We do not fight, we defend ourselves against annihilation we feel a mad anger. No longer do we lie helpless, waiting on the scaffold, we can destroy and kill to save ourselves, to save ourselves and to be revenged. 113 This could be explaining that any emotion they are fighting out of at this point is from aggravation and for their own survival, and no other situation other than that of war and violence could bring this about. The sense of fighting for the glory of the FatherLand has long since gone. READ: Anthem For Doomed Youth and The Man I Killed EssayThese points have highlighted when confronted with their survival and the presence of survival even if it means changing his human nature. A second point is they can be as dolls, or coins that bare the same stamp, almost as war currency. Though all in all they were beasts when confronted with violence, or dogs without names, as long as they can survive it all. All that is needed to make such points clear does not have to be a series of explanations, rather simple and to the point imagery.

Irigaray an Essentialist or not Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Irigaray an Essentialist or not - Essay Example She observes that women have been traditionally excluded from history of philosophy and psychoanalytic theories, only being related to other categories of the nature and matter instead. This denies women an opportunity to gain their own female subject position, which is distinguishable from the aspects of nature and matter (Fuss, 63). According to her, in the concept of philosophy, psychoanalytic theory and linguistic structure, a separate female position and identity does not exist, and thus women only gain subjectivity, when being associated with men. It is on the basis of this fact that she advocates for the concept of mimesis, which allows the members of a social group to come together, despite their differences, to take the advantage of the similarity that they exude, and forge a common identity, which would allow them to achieve certain goals (Fuss, 58). This advocacy requires women to take the advantage of the femininity, and forge an identity that they apply to push for recog nition and advocate for their rights, whenever they feel that such rights are not easily granted. Through the observation that women has no distinct subject position from that of nature and matter, Irigaray goes further to subject the stereotypes that are often given about women to scrutiny, to analyze such subjective views and put them into perspective (Fuss, 64). This is perceived through the lens of philosophy history and language. She upholds that women are not subjected to real views of themselves, and thus they should apply the views they are subjected to, to deny the stereotypes and show their true position. Therefore, if women are stereotyped to be illogical, then they should speak and act logically, so that they can disapprove that notion (Fuss, 71). She holds the view that negative prejudices and views against women cannot be overcome by merely ignoring the views, rather through confronting and demystifying the views in a more

Competitive Intelligence and Research Assignment Proposal

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Globalization - Containerization Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Why do student cheat and what should the consequences be Research Paper

Why do student cheat and what should the consequences be - Research Paper Example Many students plagiarize and are caught. The truth is that in order to provide depth of research, a writer will need to combine primary and secondary sources. In the sciences, for example, raw data is important, but how that data has been interpreted by others, over the years, is also very significant. You need to cite that work and not merely present it as your own. It is important to use academic libraries, online databases such as ProQuest, and Google Books and Scholar, in order to find these sources and put them into action. Beware collecting or holding on to irrelevant information, which is sometimes a temptation. It is easy to get sidetracked and create a â€Å"bulge†Ã¢â‚¬â€a part or paragraph of the essay that has no real connection with the thesis. It is also easy to forget where your work starts and where someone else s begins. That is how a lot of plagiarism begins. You copy a lot of quotes into your paper hoping to use them and cite them properly, but over the week s you begin to forget what work is yours and what work is not. There are many examples of this happening to students (Richardson). An article by Sue McGowan and Margaret Lightbody provides a lot of useful information about plagiarism and its consequences. The authors of this paper are deeply concerned about it. They suggest that instead of threatening to punish students who plagiarize work, a more effective approach is to educate them about the affects and consequences of plagiarism. The authors describe an experiment to help educate accounting students. The study asked students a number of important questions relating to plagiarism. For example, when is it necessary to cite references. What does it mean to paraphrase? What are the potential punishments or disciplinary actions for performing an act of plagiarism? The authors concluded that providing students with an incentive to put references in their work is a good way to avoid acts of plagiarism. They

World trade Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

World trade Organization - Essay Example The organization has the primary goal of necessitating business between producers, exporters, and importers of services and goods. This paper seeks to describe a number of aspects concerning the WTO. The paper will discuss the development of the W.T.O, when it developed, and interests, which supported its development. The paper will also focus on how the organization related to changes in the transnational flows of production and investment. In addition, the paper will address this organization developed as part of the broader network of transnational institution. The paper will also focus on the impact of world trade organization’s transnational regulation on equality and democracy within domestic states. The development of the world trade organization The world trade organization came into being in 1995. After the Second World War, organizations to deal with trade, such as General Agreement on Tariffs and trade were formed. The last talks of the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs gave birth to the world trade organization. The WTO carried on with the negotiations initiated by the GATT. The world trade organization developed to end trade discrimination and enhance multilateral trade among nations. Thus, the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs contributed to the formation of the World trade organization (Aturupane 2000, p. 350). ... As a result, nations realized that GAAT did not have the appropriate answers to the complex nature of global trade. This saw the formation of the WTO following a series of negotiations referred to as Uruguay Round (UR). Interests which supported the development of WTO. Aturupane (2000, p. 351) observes that a number of interests supported the development of the World Trade Organization. These interests have to do with the improvement and enhancement of global trade within nations. One of the interests, which supported the formation of the WTO include the desire to increase trade in goods as well as services. Intellectual property rights also formed part of the reasons as to why the international organization came into being. Interests to enhance trade in agricultural goods also reinforced the formation of WTO. Other organizations such as GATT had minimal trade in agricultural goods. As a result, the World Trade Organization came into being to improve trade activities in agricultural goods. Non discrimination in trade activities also enhanced the development of WTO. Before its formation, countries saw the need to address the issue of non discriminatory trade agreements. On this regard, WTO had to be formed to eradicate discrimination in the imposition of tariffs. This could see an end to trade barriers within member states. The MFN principle ensured that WTO had the mandate to ensure eradication of trade barriers. Under this principle, a country cannot impose tariffs on other member states based on discrimination. Non discrimination became the basis of multilateral trade regimes (Janow et al 2008, p. 145). Dispute settlement can be regarded as an interest as to why the WTO came into existence. Before its development, dispute

WorkBrain Corp- A case in exit stratgy Research Paper

WorkBrain Corp- A case in exit stratgy - Research Paper Example The company is doing fairly well being a private entity. The company has cash in abundance, over $10 million and can easily operate within its realm. Moreover the current investors of the company are happy with the position of the firm in the market and are willing to even invest more if need arises. No investor of the company has expressed any desire to withdraw its investment. These are positive signs for the company and if it wishes to expand then the best alternate is to use cash from current investors who trusted in the vision of the company before it came into existence. Going public may mean new investors with a different vision that might not be in compliance with the current investors. Saying all this now is the perfect time to go public. Going public would mean more customers for the company. At the moment WorkBrain has to convince its clients that it is financially solvent and in a good position to provide services to them. As the customers cannot see the financial positio n of a private company they hesitate to get the work done from them. If WorkBrain goes public then all the financial details will be present for the customers to see and approach the company for their services. The company will benefit tremendously as it would be able to make clients and customers in much larger numbers. Keeping in mind how solvent the company is, it is the best time for WorkBrain to go public and make more customers (Bilimoria, 2007). The best option for the company would be to go with TSX listing. The reason for this is that TSX in future would be more viable. Compared to NASDAQ, TSX has a small-cap market with more some to medium term service providers and financial institutions. WorkBrain perfectly fits in their category. NASDAQ is more prestigious and has a larger clientele in terms of revenues. It would be fair to say that if WorkBrain needs to go with NASDAQ it would have to come up with a revenue margin of around $75 million. The reason for the company to go public is that it makes it financial statement visible in the market so that potential customers would know how solvent the company is. Going public gives them a chance to come out in the open and make more customers. Acquisition is a completely different proposition. It deals with selling a part of the company or rather a share of profit with someone who is ready in buying a part of business. Normally the rate at which an acquirer buys part of the business is a much bigger rate because of the goodwill attached with the firm. As WorkBrain has done tremendously well showing consistent profit since it emergence, the takeover would have to pay a lot of money for the acquisition. But there is no need of selling part or whole of the business when the firm is making sufficient profits and it is predicted that the company will only look to grow more in the coming years (Arnold, 2008). There might be other alternates that the company might look at. Bank loan is one of them but it comes wit h a cost. A high interest rate has to be paid whenever a company takes a loan from the bank. The biggest advantage of a loan is that the current owners will get to keep the possession of the firm without selling any part of the business to an investor or by going public in the stock exchange. The current owners will get to make the decisions just the way they now do as they will have the control of the firm. Lack of ability to pay in time may get the business into trouble and if

Understanding Cryptography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Understanding Cryptography - Essay Example Cryptography is somehow omnipresent going beyond the conventional environments such as banking systems, government communications among others (Christoff, 2009). Cryptography is now used in web browsers, cell phones, e-mail programs, embedded software, manufacturing systems, cars, medical plants, smart buildings among others (Christoff, 2009). Therefore, designers and system users need to understand comprehensively the concept of cryptography and how it is applied in order to appreciate its effectiveness in securing wireless networks and communication. According to Christoff (2009), cryptography is the study and practice of techniques for securing communication particularly in the presence of a third party (adversary). Essentially, cryptography is mainly concerned with the development and determining protocols that protect against the influence of third parties in communication and networking. It also analyzes protocols and mechanisms that are related to information security aspects including data integrity, confidentiality, non-repudiation and authentication (Paar & Pelzl, 2010). Over the years, various techniques similar to encryption have been used as cryptography. However, modern cryptography borrows from disciplines of computer science, mathematics and electrical engineering among others. Cryptography is predominantly used in computer passwords, e-commerce, and ATM cards. It employs several tools and techniques to implement the security needed for the various applications (Christoff, 2009). OpenSSL is one of the tools of cryptography that implements the SSL and the TSS security protocols in the network (Viega, Messier, & Chendra, 2002). It is mainly used in many web servers to transmit packets in encrypted form rather than in plain readable text. Open SSL has a core library that is developed in C programming language and is used for the implementation of the basic cryptographic functions and the

Nordstrom Rewards Its Customers Essay Example for Free

Nordstrom Rewards Its Customers Essay Nordstrom is a great place to go shopping and receive rewards while spending money. Nordstrom shoppers automatically become members of Nordstrom’s Fashion Rewards program when they people sign up for the store’s credit. When each person accumulates 2,000 points, then they receive a $20 Nordstrom Note, a gift certificate redeemable for Nordstrom merchandise or services. In the book one of the questions is â€Å"what are the design characteristics of an effective loyalty program.† The structure of their loyalty program and how they use the data collected through the program to make informed product, marketing and customer experience decisions are key to its success. The store’s frequent customers will be able to get perks like custom shopping parties and tickets to in-store fashion shows after shelling out just half as much as they used to spend to qualify for rewards. Loyalty marketing is and should always be much bigger than points, thresholds or incentives. It is about changing and influencing behavior in a proactive manner that creates long-term brand advocates who, in turn, enter into a dialogue with the brand. Nordstrom’s program is effective for a number of key reasons. First, even the lower levels of Nordstrom’s loyalty program are engaging because they offer meaningful soft benefits and because it’s aspirational, members remain engaged; they aspire to be at the higher tiers in the program so they can get the bigger rewards. Another question asks is the Nordstrom program worth what it spends to reward customers. I think it does because when you reward your customers then they would want to come into the store and buy their supplies to build up their points. When they do that then they get awards. Example would be I have a credit card and I receive points, the more I spend then the more money I get off from that store. I use my card all the time and I go and pay it off. I would get a credit card from any store I shop at if they reward me to use it.

Monetary Policy Essay Example for Free

Monetary Policy Essay Introduction Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country controls the supply of money, usually targeting a rate of the interest for the purpose of promoting economic grown and stability. ( Wikipedia ) In the short run, monetary policy affects the lever of output as its compositions can also affects the lever of output. An increase in money leads to a decrease in interest rates and a depreciation of the currency. Both of them can lead to an increase in the demand for goods and an increase in output. (Blanchard, 2009) There are two different ways of monetary policy, an increase in money supply is called monetary expansion and a decrease in the money supply is called monetary contraction. This essay express how monetary policy can rise the lever of aggregate demand in the short run based on money supply, interest rate, income and bond price. The relation between the nominal income and demand As we know thar the relation between the demand for money, nominal income and the interest rate is: Md =$Y L(i) (-) that means the interest rate has a negative effect on money, an decrease in the interest rate increases the demand for money. In other words, the demand for money increases in proportion to nominal income, and the demand for money depends negatively on the interest rate. According to the Figure1, the initial equilibrium is at point A. As increase in nominal income from $Y to $Y, increasing the level of transactions, which increases the demand for money at any interest rate. The money demand curve shifts from left to the right(Md to Md) the new equilibrium moves from A up to A, and the equilibrium interest rate increases from i to i. [pic] Figure 1: The effects of an Increase in Nominal Income on the Interest Rate. Source: Adapted form Blanchard 2009 Thus, an increase in nominal income can raise the level of demand for money in the short run. The relation between the money supply and demand When the money supply changes, the interest rate will changes in proportion to the supply. The relation between them shows in figure 2. [pic] Figure 2: The effects of an increase in the Money Supply on the Interest Rate Source: Adapted form Blanchard 2009 The initial equilibrium is at point A, the interest rate is i. An increase in the money supply, from Md=M to Ms=M, leads to a shift of the money supply curve to the right. The equilibrium moves moves from A down to A, the interest rate decreases from i to i. It indicate that an increase in the supply of money by the central bank leads decrease in the interest rate, thus can raise the level of demand for money in short run. At the same time, an increase of the demand for money needs more output in order to satisfy the high demand for money, then people will earn more money, in the end the level of aggregate demand would also increase. The relation between monetary policy and interest rate When analysis the IS-LM curve, a same answer can be got. For the IS curve, as the money supply does not directly affect either the supply of or the demand for goods, a change of M does not appear in the IS relation to shift it. For the LM curve, however, as we know that an increase in the money supply shifts the LM curve down, from LM to LM. In other words, an increase in money leads to a decrease in the interest rate. Take all factors into consideration, the economy moves along the IS curve, and the equilibrium moves from A to A, output increases from Y to Y, and the interest rate decreases from i to i. [pic] Figure 3: The effects of a Monetary Expansion Source: Adapted form Blanchard 2009 Therefore, increasing money supply, decreasing interest rate and increasing income can raise the level of aggregate demand(Blanchard 2009) Turn to consider about the effects of an open market operation. The price of the bond today is equal to the final payment divided by 1 plus the interest rate(Blanchard 2009). $PB=$F/1+i That means the higher the price of the bond, the lower the interest rate. So the central bank increases the money supply in open market operations by buying bonds lead to an increase in the price of bonds, a decrease in the interest rate, an increase in the level of aggregate demand in the short term. The relevance for the UK since 2009 For example, according to the figure 4, the level of GDP in UK has experienced a plunge since 2007 because of the crisis. At the same time, we can see from the figure5, the bank rate gradually increased since 2007, more and more companies do not willing to invest new projects, that leads to a lower output. However, since 2009 the level of GDP consistent rise and will continue this trend in the following years. The main reason is bank rate experienced a plummet, from 6% in 2007 to 0.8%. Figure4:Projection of the level of GDP based on market interest rate expectations and  £375 billion asset purchases Source: Bank of England August 2012 Inflation Report Figure5: Bank of England Rate: observed and predicted by markets Source: Bank of England August 2012 Inflation Report As mentioned before, an decrease interests leads to an increase output, thus leads to an increase demand, Conclusion Therefore, government and central bank can use monetary policy to rise the level of aggregate demand, including buying bonds, decreasing rates, increasing income and money supply. Reference: Blanchard, O. (2009). Macroeconomics. New Jersey: pearson education, Inc

Globalization in the Gulf Cooperation Council

Globalization in the Gulf Cooperation Council Chapter 3 Globalization in the GCC: a political and economic analysis Political Aspect The creation of the GCC was a direct result of regional political events of that time. The idea of the need for the union of the major independent states of the gulf had been floating around since the early 1970s. Three main reasons leading to the formation of the gulf cooperation council included: Border disputes between Arab states and the royal families. The Iranian revolution The invasion of Iran by the Soviet Union. The Gulf States apart from Saudi Arabia are small population states. First we look into border disputes. The creation of Bahrain and Kuwait was lead to the demarcation of boundaries which the families Arab ruling families did not like. The strained relations were held together only by their common links religion and language. The ruling families had close bonds with families of other states and therefore they did not like the idea of having to confine their selves to a border (Bà ©atrice Maalouf, 2006). Secondly, the Arab peninsula felt safe from Iran as long as the Shah of Iran was in control. This was because America (an Arab friend) was dictating the policies of Iran during the shah’s rule. After the Iranian revolution, came the religious leaders. They had a different set of ideology and religious beliefs than the Arab states. Since Iran was a regional military strength, this further made the Gulf States insecure and further highlighted the need for a united front by the Arab peninsula (Bà ©atrice Maalouf, 2006). Lastly, the invasion of a Muslim Afghanistan by the atheist Soviet Union was viewed as a threat as Yemen was also a socialist country and capture of Afghanistan meant that the communists were gaining strength and this was another form of insecurity for the region as the Arab states had supported the USA in the cold war which made them rivals of the Soviet empire. The Soviet threat had to be faced collectively and therefore it was imperative that a union of the Arab states be created. The last straw was the Iran- Iraq war which started in 1980. It affected trade routes of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Also Iraq, which was a friendly Arab country, was being affected. And this threat needed to be faced collectively, therefore in 1981, the Gulf States, united themselves in the form of GCC (Bà ©atrice Maalouf, 2006). The charter known as the cooperation council charter was signed by all the member states, including Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, and Oman. The charter listed cultural, social and political and economic reasons along with commonality of religion, language and customs for this union. The articles in the charter defined the need to develop independence and self sustainability in political, economic and financial affairs (Bà ©atrice Maalouf, 2006). Since the creation of the council, the GCC has gradually tried to instill its authority in the region and work for change for the betterment of the states. The council states have developed at remarkable pace in the fields of media technology, developmental projects, financial institutions and security of the region (Bà ©atrice Maalouf, 2006). The first visible of the impact of the unified common GCC policy was visible globally during the Iraq invasion of Kuwait in 1990. The council made possible it’s liberation, through the help of the world’s help, The council called for a meeting of the organization of the Islamic conference (OIC) and this lead to GCC requesting for and then passing resolution in the united nation’s security council, UNSCR 660 (1990). The council since the 1990 has tried to help in conflicts resolution in many countries, including Somalia, Palestine Israel, Lebanon Israel etc. the GCC is also in the forefront in helping the countries in need of economic aid for rebuilding. The countries insisted on the rebuilding of Iraq through donations, On the country basis, the GCC have planned free trade agreements with China, Pakistan and India. They already have FTAs with Lebanon, Turkey and Syria in the region and Japan in the East Asian region. The GCC also has signed pacts and agreements with regional organizations like the European Union (EU). The EU and the GCC have signed declarations of cooperation with each other and are working toward a FTA (Bà ©atrice Maalouf, 2006). Non-governmental, international and regional organizations The economic and developmental transformation of the GCC countries along with other Arab countries of the region has been due to assistance from international institutions and donor agencies of the region. These agencies have been providing, financial, technical and organizational help to the states for formulating better strategies for stable development of the Arab states specifically and the gulf region in general. The United Arab Emirates has enough financial capital for funding the preparation of NES and NEAP. Even so, the gulf state has been seeking and receiving technical help from international and regional organizations in order to ensure that their developmental programs are stable and sustainable. To ensure stable growth and development in the gulf and Arab countries, availability of financial assistance is important, especially for countries not exporting oil (Khordagui H, 2004). â€Å"International donor organizations working in the region include: Islamic Development Bank (IDB) Arab Fund for Economic and social Development (AFESD) Kuwaiti Fund for Development (KFD). † (Khordagui H, (2004). Apart from development on the infrastructure level, certain organizations have been providing the gulf countries with help in a wide range of activities including capacity building, legislative drafting, policy analysis etc. Usually the assistance concerning the capacity building assistance measures is being undertaken by the regional organizations in order for there to be regional benefits of these national initiatives (Khordagui H, 2004). â€Å"These institutions include: â€Å"METAP: a cooperative initiative between the Commission, the European Investment Bank, UNDP (the Arab Bureau the Capacity 21 Unit), the WB – has provided capacity building assistance to the Mediterranean region for nearly the past decade† (Khordagui H, 2004). â€Å"Med-Policies Initiative – part of the METAP program, but funded by the WB in coordination with ESCWA – is building national capacity regional awareness on economic environmental policy-making† (Khordagui H, 2004). â€Å"The Center for Environment and Development in the Arab Region and Europe (CEDARE) is an independent, nonprofit regional institution is working to increase the capacity of national institution to enhance environmental management and SD† (Khordagui H, 2004). Social Development and Civic Society Saudi Arabia is the biggest member of the GCC. It has the largest population and the biggest oil reserves. Therefore one would expect that with all in the capital inflow, political reforms would follow and that would lead to maturation of the state toward a free society. In Saudi Arabia, monarchy rules the state. There is no parliamentary system and there were not political parties, trade unions or voluntary associations before 2003. There is a counsel of chambers of commerce and it acts as an umbrella between the government and the society as a whole (Democratic governance Arabia, 2008). â€Å"The UAE is fast becoming the economic hub of the GCC. Therefore there needs to be civic reform and State’s institutional development needs to be the foremost priority of the state. There can be no assembly of public nature without prior government’s approval. The first human rights organization was first formed in the country in 2006. Its founding members include people of diverse professions from far corners of the society.† (Democratic governance Arabia, 2008) Political parties are still illegal in the kingdom. Any person or organization which tries of voice an opinion against which is against or different from that of the monarchy is quickly shut down. There are two opposition movements working from outside Saudi Arabia. These include the Committee for the Defense of Legitimate Rights (CDLR) and the Movement for Islamic Reform (MIRA), in Saudi Arabia. Activists who attempted to demonstrate in a peaceful manner against the monarchy were arrested and their activities deemed unislamic (Democratic governance Arabia, 2008). In order to conform to the rest of the world and also due to the internal needs and external pressures led the Saudi government to initiate the civil society creations in the kingdom in 2003. Unlike Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates are governed by both a traditional as well as a modern form of a government. The UAE is at an advanced level of institutionalizing their government departments. The political system of UAE can be thought of a flexible system conforming and adaptive to the democratic ways of governance. The UAE does not allow the existence of political parties per say, but the ruling elite and their positions in the government are determined even today by their positions in their respective tribes and dynasties. In order to keep their authority and position the rulers are required to ensure that they retain the people’s loyalty which has to be ensured by keeping with the principle that the people should have easy access to the rulers and they could voice their opinion or grievances in meetings. This tradition of holding assembly of citizen’s frequently is still active today and ensures that people are not neglected. Decisions made in these meetings sometimes even determine policy changes at the highest levels. On the other side, the modern institutions are capable of dealing with more complex and large scale problems and concerning the state. Therefore the dual mode of governance in the UAE has molded itself in the past decades to optimally suite the citizens of the state as well as the state itself (Democratic governance Arabia, 2008). The Saudi Journalist’s association was founded to look after the interests of the journalists of the country, it is mostly an independent organization and works without any governmental interference. A media regulatory authority has been in place since 1982 in Saudi Arabia. Even though the print and the television media is well developed and well circulated in the kingdom, it is mostly government regulated. The ministry of information has the authority to appoint the editor in chief of all the circulating newspapers and can remove anyone they feel does not conform to their standards. Moreover, the government owned Saudi Press Agency and the ministry of information control the print and the Broadcast media. An independent organization to look after the human rights abuses paved its way into formation in 2004 in the kingdom. It is called The National society for Human rights and it has the job of keeping track of abuses related to employment, judiciary, domestic violence, prisons etc. There has been a history of complaints in the gulf about the human rights abuses related to non payment of wages to the workers and maid, mal treatment sexual harassment. Since 2005, the ministry of labor of Saudi Arabia announced that it was ready to receive complaints of the above mentioned nature from anyone and would be ready to prosecute anyone found guilty of the offense (Democratic governance Arabia, 2008). Unlike Saudi Arabia, UAE does not posses any human rights groups and independent trade unions are still banned in the state, its chamber of commerce and UAE Women’s Federation are umbrella organizations with the responsibility to keep checks and balances of all sorts. The latter is assigned to prepare the women population, which makes constitutes a larger chuck of the population, to face the challenges of the 21st century and to train them to become active participants in the society (Democratic governance Arabia, 2008). The gulf countries are enjoying economic boom from the high oil prices and they are taking advantage of this by using this capital for development of their respective states and region in general. Local and international corporate businesses have established themselves well into the societies. With this comes corporate social responsibility. This means that businesses have the responsibility to encourage and participate in any way they can, in the social development of the region. The term corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be explained as the commitment by the corporate sector to behave in an ethical manner and participate in the economic development along with providing a better quality of life for the workforce, their families and the society at large (Democratic governance Arabia, 2008). â€Å"In the GCC, although there are initiatives of corporate contribution to the society as a whole, there is still a greater need of formalizing it to ensure that the pace of development in the education, health, and housing and environment sectors is improved on sustainable grounds. A major factor in CSR activities is the governments strategy. There are governments within the GCC region that feel that social sectors such as education, health, housing and environment are the sole responsibility of the governments or rulers, resulting in little effort by the corporate sector in these areas. A very relevant example of this is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the largest country within the GCC, where there are hardly any well-managed CSR initiatives† (Giving Back: Corporate Social Responsibility in the GCC, 2007). Political Reforms The political systems of the gulf countries are in their infancies. Neil Patrick a senior analyst noted in a seminar about political reform in 2006, that there was a need to identity and treat all the GCC countries individually and recognize that the political structures and in different stages of maturation in each of these countries. For example, political reforms were first initiated by Kuwait, and currently, the have a well established working parliament. In contrast, the UAE has only recently started raising the idea of electoral participation. Other countries including Oman, Qatar and Bahrain etc all have political councils, whose members are usually sheikhs or members of the royal families. These councils are mostly advisory councils with limited mandates (Political Reform in GCC countries, 2006). Historically the infrastructure and organization required for the development and reform have been absent from the GCC states and royal families have been the only rulers in most of these states. According to Neil Patrick, the monarchies and the â€Å"Sheikdoms† operate in away in which taxing the citizens have become very difficult. They continue to use the earnings from the oil profits to satisfy the civilian population and run the state and this ensures at least in the short term that their rule will not be challenged. As the society within these countries has become more and more educated, and as the states have gradually opened up to the democratic world, the world, the need for change or reform has been seriously felt. Over the past couple of decades, the younger generations, unlike those of the past have become more educated, more aware of their rights as members of the society. This passive but steady demand for reform and more freedom has applying internal pressure on the ruling elite for change. On the other hand, opening up of the country for investment and development has lead to the democratic forces in the form of USA and the EU to exert multifaceted pressure on the Gulf States for democratization and liberalization. â€Å"Moreover, globalization, and particularly economic globalization, intensifies pressures on rulers to be more transparent and accountable in the administration of state resources† (Political Reform in GCC countries, 2006). It has been noted that over the past two decades, continued economic growth, wealth distribution and emergence of a middle classes with a strong voice has been the cause for gradual change towards liberalization and reform. â€Å"Economic change effectively creates alternative bases of power and constituencies that will contest the political status quo and claim a voice in the decision making process. It is therefore important to assess whether the distribution of rent in the Gulf States has led to an accumulation of wealth in a middle class with an interest in reform and enough power to begin making political demands† (Political Reform in GCC countries, 2006). Access to information International community has promoted information and communication technologies in the recent past as a means of providing a source of liberalization in the gulf countries. It has been thought that by integrating ICT in their developmental projects for these countries, the monopoly of the state on media and information control. The results although have been a success to some extent, but have failed to influence the society as the west once hoped. Case in point the spread of news channels like Al jazeera from Qatar. The coming on air of this and other channels has had an impact of providing the society with free uncensored and uninhibited view of the Arab views and feelings. The aim of the west was to ensure that the liberalization and opening up of the gulf would lead to the Gulf States, conforming to their west’s likings. This opening of the media has lead to voice to the civic society but their views of the west have not softened as the west had hoped. The governments still have control over other aspects of the information. This is clearly seen in the case of provision of the internet. Even though the states provide internet access, this is limited and poorly distributed. On the pretext of conserving cultural and religious values, the states like the Saudi Arabia have been exerting media filtration and censorship by using filtering software and denying access of any information which might influence their society’s view of them. The economic aspect Trade and investment liberalization Human development It has been long claimed that the gulf country rely heavily on their revenues from oil production to support them. Globalization is fast becoming the new reality in the GCC countries. This is has led to the gulf countries to tread on uncharted territory. The trend towards globalization and the threads attached to it can have an effect on the very lives of the citizens these countries cater for. Globalization can bring the promise of open markets and opportunities to have access to all the tools a country needs for development. On the other hand, globalization can also lead a country towards marginalization. â€Å"The relation between human development and globalization can be visualized in the following manner: the effects of globalization on a developing economy, such as the Arab Gulf countries, could be backwash effects or spread effects. The backwash effects means that globalization could contribute to and the source of human deprivation through processes of marginalization (of the country) and social exclusion (of individuals and groups based on social, ethnic, occupation/ skill, age or gender grounds)† (Jiyad, A. M, 1998). On the flip side, globalization can also lead to multitude of benefits. Globalization, through investment and production, can lead to jobs creation and greater choices for the public in terms of consumption and all of this can further enhance the human development. Globalization leads to foreign direct investment FDI, which in turn leads to capital inflow in the country and this can be used for developmental projects in a developing country. The steps towards globalization include: Liberalization of the local economy. Liberalization of state property ownership (privatization). Regionalization and multilateralism. Step 2 or privatization in the Arab countries has been a result of old as well as new policies. The privatization policy became a national policy in Oman in 1996. Information and communication revolution â€Å"The policies include provision related to what to privatize first (productive service sector), partial privatizations, transparency, competition, FDI, protection of the environment, public relation, and privatization proceeds. The guidelines include provisions related to bids selection, public offering, taxes, loans, employees and management†(Zineldin, M, 1998). The Saudi Arabia had been considering privatization and policy since early 90s. The 1990-1995 development plan envisioned a privatization process, a stock exchange for trading, privately owned construction and development companies, privatization some banks etc. In 1997 the ministry of commerce decided to expand the role played by the private industry in the kingdom’s economy by privatizing and selling government held assets worth more than $7 billion. The main aim for privatization and liberalization was to encourage private investment in the country’s economy, to provide lucrative opportunities for local as well as foreign companies to invest in domestic ventures. They also aimed to provide jobs to the ever increasing number youths in the country and to bring the unemployment rates down. They wanted to broaden and diversify the economic base and increase its markets competitiveness level to meet the standards set by the WTO for its membership (Jiyad, A. M, 1998). Abu Dhabi and the UAE have highlighted the need to privatize approximately 40 or so industries. After a study conducted by the World Bank, it recommended that Kuwait privatize at least 7 small enterprises, whose total vale was more than $3.6 billion. By 1995, Bahrain had also privatized at least partially, its, aluminum industry, small enterprises from the food manufacturing industry. Industrial investment by the private sector in this small state was more than $4.4 Billion by the end of 1996. (Jiyad, A. M, 1998). The campaign to private in order to make the institutions more efficient and productive has led to inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) in these countries. Oman, Dubai (UAE) and Bahrain etc have allowed their private investors to gain complete ownership of their investment and industry. (Jiyad, A. M, 1998). The past 3 decades have led to an unprecedented growth in the GCC countries. The cost oil per barrel has risen from $12 to $100 and beyond. The financial profits that have been gained from this boom as been used to modernize infrastructure, improve social indicators, develop infrastructures as well as maintain foreign currency reserves while keeping external debt at a low level. â€Å"Life expectancy in the GCC area increased by almost 10 years to 74 years during 1980–2000, and literacy rates increased by 20 percentage points to about 80 percent over the same period. Average per capita income in the GCC countries was estimated at about $12,000 in 2002, with their combined nominal GDP reaching close to $340 billion (more than half the GDP of all Middle Eastern countries†. (Fasano U and Iqbal Z, 2003). Globalization and Human development Globalization, through the process of privatization leading to increase in resource allotment and can lead to increased focus towards human development. Improvement and competition leads to increase in the standards in the health and education sector. Privatization in the education sector can lead to improvement it its standards and it can structurally transform itself to cater to the needs of the market. â€Å"In other words private involvement in education and health sectors could bring with it more investment, more competition, better service, and wider choices. Successful liberalization and privatization programs could also accelerate growth, boost domestic investment and attract foreign capital generate employment and increase (per capita) income† (Jiyad, A. M 1998). The performances of the GCC countries towards human development have been weak in the past few decades. Great progression was seen in the early 70s and 80s but investment towards human development seems to have become stagnant in the 90s. Case in point is Saudi Arabia which compared to the public spending of $81.4 billion in 1985, only spent $82.7 billion in 1995. This and other indicators like these demonstrate that investment in the future development of the people had been ignored in the decade of the 90s. † (Jiyad, A. M 1998). Another problem which still needs tending to is the increase in the population in most of the GC countries. The high growth rate along with increase of women in the work force due to opening up of the society in the GCC countries has produced another problem of unemployment. The GCC wok force is growing at a rate of 4% per year and if this keeps up, the unemployment rates will soon follow suite and create another burden on the society. The GCC countries have been trying to initiate and grow in the non oil industry sector to create jobs for its people and to be able to sustain their growth rates. †Government services in many GCC countries are provided free or at highly subsidized prices, particularly water and electricity, while non-oil taxation is low, consisting mainly of income tax on foreign corporations except in Oman, where local corporations are also taxed. Some of these countries have recorded overall fiscal deficits over the years, reflecting volatile global oil prices and relatively high levels of current expenditure† (Fasano U and Iqbal Z, 2003). This can be seen by the indicators in the following charts below. â€Å"All GCC countries share sound and well-supervised banking systems. Banks are well-capitalized and profitable. Their supervisory framework has been strengthened and is largely compliant with international standards and codes. Moreover, GCC countries have gradually taken a number of steps toward implementing a market-based monetary policy, though direct instruments (such as interest rate and credit ceilings) continue to play a role in a few of these countries.† (Fasano U and Iqbal Z, 2003). Deepening of the regional economic integration Even with their high visions and plans of development to create sustainable non oil based economic power houses, the GCC countries have fell short of their aims for the past decades. These goals can still be achieved. The key for realizing such gains is in the collective integration and regional advancement. These collaborations have to be inline with the WTO policies and regulations. Since the GCC countries already enjoy free trade agreements with each other, the next step would be in the form of creating custom union. This can be beneficial for the GCC countries involved in the union as well as during multilateral trade deals. Giving the world a single regional front can only be beneficial as this means that there will be unified tariffs across the countries. The negotiations with the WTO any aspects would be held through a collective front rather than of the members negotiating individually. (Yousif Khalifa Al-Yousif ) Other benefits that can be achieved by the GCC countries integrating themselves further include providing a unified local market to the world to deal with. This means that the smaller countries like Bahrain can gain access the behalf of large ones like Saudi Arabia into the western markets. Deepening ties will further lead to reduction in internal conflicts and maters of miniscule value. Since integration into a regional bloc like the GCC has already led to and will further lead to open access to each others markets therefore inter GCC trade will only allow the local industries to grow further and provide employment to local work force along with allow growth in the human development sector. Millennium goals indirectly leading to economic and developmental Stability The GCC countries are a bloc of wealthy countries on their way to regional integration and providing a unified and developed front to the goal. Therefore it is suitable for them to cater to and provide assistance to the less developed Arab countries in the region. The countries have set out goals for the future and are working towards them at a steady pace. Eradication of poverty: the spread of wealth even with the population of the GCC is unevenly distributed. The gulf countries are working hard to implement policies which would lead to ensuring that all the people are provided with food and shelter. This can be done by providing jobs. Broadening the industrial base is the priority. This will lead to creation of jobs for the people. In this way wealth can be spread and distributed evenly. Energy Accessibility and Efficiency â€Å"Despite the vast energy resources of the region, in 2003 only 78.6% of the Arab population had access to electricity, ranging from almost 100% in the GCC countries to under 8% in Low Developed Countries (LDC). The region’s overall energy efficiency (kilogram (kg) oil equivalent per $1,000 GDP (PPP)) has improved unevenly in the past decade. In 2002, the GCC countries reported the highest energy use (504 kg oil equivalent per $1,000 PPP), followed by those of the eastern (262 kg oil equivalent per $1,000 PPP) and the western (some 137 kg oil equivalent per $1,000 PPP). Data available data on energy use in the Arab LDCs are inadequate.† Regional Progress towards the Millennium Development Goals in the Arab Region (2006). Education: the literacy rate of the local population in some of the major GCC countries is quite low. Steps are being taken to ensure to ensure that that the new generation is provided with education to be able to work as a contributor for the development of the society and the country as a whole. Gender equality: it has been long an issue, that the Arab countries in general have a poor record for gender equality and women empowerment. The GCC countries have moved leaps and bounds from where they were a couple decades ago. Currently female integration is in every corner of the work place. Few of the major multinational companies are owned and run by business women in the gulf. Still female literacy rates are low and the gulf government’s aims for the near future are ensure that they become equal participants in the work force as they comprise around 50% of the total population. References and Bibliography Bà ©atrice Maalouf, (2006). The GCC: A Union to Be Reckoned With. Congress of the Czech Political Science Society in Olomouc [internet], Available from: [Accessed 4 April 2008]. Democratic governance Arabia (2008), United Nations Development Program. [Internet], Available from: [Accessed 4 April 2008]. Fasano U and Iqbal Z, (2003).GCC Countries: From Oil Dependence to Diversification. International Monetary Fund. [Internet], Available from: [Accessed 4 April 2008]. Figure 1, Fasano U and Iqbal Z, (2003).GCC Countries: From Oil Dependence to Diversification. International Monetary Fund. [Internet], Available from: [Accessed 4 April 2008]. Figure 2 Fasano U and Iqbal Z, (2003).GCC Countries: From Oil Dependence to Diversification. International Monetary Fund. [Internet], Available from: [Accessed 4 April 2008]. GIC Produces Comparative Data on GCC Economies Showing Solid Upturn in 1999 GDP. (2001),

Drive-by Shootings at Henry David Thoreaus Walden Pond :: Thoreau Walden Pond Essays

In Walden, Henry David Thoreau said, "I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, then I came to die, discover that I had not live." Perhaps the last part of that statement is the most difficult aspect of our lives. A plethora of philosophers and everyday people alike have maintained that you should live your life as if it were your last day. Few, however, have been able to adopt that philosophy. In the '90's the future has become a key player in our lives. Education has been geared towards planning out our future and has almost forgotten that right now, we are here. In eighth grade, we were encouraged to plan out our high school classes. Our sophomore year weaved in a career unit, and this year we look at colleges. Some teachers teach a certain way only because they want to prepare us for college, not because they think that their way is the best. Why do we do all of this for a future that might not come? In a decade where drive-by shootings, drug overdoses, and alcohol-related accidents have become the norm, the way we look at the future may come as somewhat of a surprise to the objective observer. The future is presented in a way that assumes we will have a future, when, in fact, some of us may not have all that long to live in the present. We spend so much time planning for tomorrow, or even five or six years from tomorrow, that many of us forget that we are living today and that we should live out today. If a person tries to live out tomorrow right now and that person is on his death bed a few minutes later, then that one person may find that he has squandered his life preparing for the future. Aside from over planning, many of us do not think about enjoying the life we have. For example, for years many of us have had ample food to eat, yet we still rush through a meal as if a wild animal was going to snatch it away from us. We haven't taken the time to enjoy our meals and the usual conversation that accompanies them.

Importance of Fear in The Lord of the Flies Essay -- Lord of the Flies

Importance of Fear in The Lord of the Flies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The boys in the book, The Lord of the Flies, are controlled by their fear of the beast.   This fear is not of the beast itself, but of the unknown. It comes from not knowing whether or not a beast exists.    The children start as one united group.   They are a community in their own.   Slowly, rules started to get broken, individuals began to leave, and the group broke apart.   The one thing that causes this break-up is the beast. The beast means different things to everyone, but each boy is afraid of it.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All of this fear starts at one of the very first assemblies when a littlun says that he saw a beastie in the forest.   "Now he says it was a beastie" (35).   Everyone is already a little afraid of being on the island alone, without any adults, but this makes them even more scared.   Ralph, the chosen leader, feels this fear and notices it among the other boys.   He tries to reassure the others as well as himself with, "You couldn't have a beastie, a snake-thing, on an island this size.   You only get them in big countries, like Africa, or India" (36).   He continues trying to ease the fear by ending the conversation of beasties with, "...I tell you there is no beast" (36).   In addition, Ralph tries to have an optimistic look on rescue, and talks of fun on the island to help the children stay calm.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jack and Ralph continue discussing the issue of fear, without the littluns present, to avoid frightening them further.   Mostly they discuss how the littluns scream out in their dreams because they are so afraid.   Simon joins in on one of their conversations on page 52:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "'As if it wasn't a good island.'   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ast... ...      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By the end of the novel, it is not the beast that has driven the boys to savagery; it is their fear of the beast.   Most of the boys try to deal with their fear by pushing it away, but it is always in the back of their minds, controlling every move they make.   They do not know whether or not there is a beast on the island.   They are afraid of the unknown.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   Works Cited. Baker, James R. "Why It's No Go." Critical Essays on William Golding. Ed. James R. Baker. Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1988. Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. London: Faber and Faber, 1958. Hynes, Samuel. "William Golding's Lord of the Flies." Critical Essays on William Golding. Ed. James R. Baker. Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1988. Moody, Philippa. Golding: Lord of the Flies, a critical commentary. London: Macmillan, 1964.         

Differences Between the North and South that Led to the Civil War Essay

The Southern and Northern states varied on many issues, which eventually led them to the Civil War. There were deep economic, social, and political differences between the North and the South. These differences stemmed from the interpretation of the United States Constitution on both sides. In the end, all of these disagreements about the rights of states led to the Civil War. There were reasons other than slavery for the South?s secession. The manifestations of division in America were many: utopian communities, conflicts over public space, backlash against immigrants, urban riots, black protest, and Indian resistance (Norton 234). America was a divided land in need reform with the South in the most need. The South relied heavily on agriculture, as opposed to the North, which was highly populated and an industrialized society. The South grew cotton, which was its main cash crop and many Southerners knew that heavy reliance on slave labor would hurt the South eventually, but their warnings were not heeded. The South was based on a totalitarian system. Constitutionally the North favored a loose interpretation of the United States Constitution, and they wanted to grant the federal government increased powers. The South wanted to reserve all undefined powers to the individual states themselves. The South relied upon slave labor for their economic well being, and the economy of the North was not reliant on such labor or in need of this type of service. This main issue overshadowed all others. Southerners compared slavery to the wage-slave system of the North, and believed their slaves received better care than the northern factory workers received from their employers. Many Southern preachers proclaimed that slavery was sanctioned in the Bible. Southern leaders had constantly tried to seek new areas into which slavery might be extended (Oates 349). After the American Revolution, slavery began to decrease in the North, just as it was becoming more popular in the South. By the turn of the century, seven of the most Northern states had abolished slavery. During this time, a surge of democratic reform swept the North to the West, and there were demands for political equality, economic and social advances for all Americans. Northerners said that slavery revoked the human right of being a free person and when new territories became available i... ...in opinion. We should remember the great sacrifices our fellow citizens made during this time and appreciate their actions or endeavors. Especially that of Abraham Lincoln. The best way to assess the value of Lincoln is to think what the condition of American would be in today if he had never lived or never been President (Whitman 262). Yes, slavery was the cause of the Civil War, half of the country thought it was wrong, and the other half just could not let it go or continue. The war was fought overall in different places, and the monetary and property loss cannot be calculated. Arguments about the causes and consequences of the Civil War, as well as the reasons for Northern victory, will continue as long as there are historians to wield the pen ? which is, perhaps even for this bloody conflict, mightier than the sword (Oates 388). The Civil War was a great waste in terms of human life and possible accomplishment and should be considered shameful. Before its first centennial, tragedy struck a new country and altered it for an eternity. It will never be forgotten, but adversity builds strength and the United States of America is now a much stronger nation (Oates 388).

Economics Aeropostale Essay

In March 2007, Aà ©ropostale was accused of infringing a patent owned by Card Activation Technologies, Inc. in a lawsuit filed in the Northern District of Illinois. However, in a separate lawsuit on the same patent, Card Activation received a ruling on claim construction which it interpreted as â€Å"extremely favorable† to its interpretation of the patent and its â€Å"pursuit of infringers† of the patent. In June 2007, Aà ©ropostale was accused of infringing a patent owned by Picture Patents, LLC in a lawsuit filed in the Southern District of New York. In July 2009, Aà ©ropostale was accused of infringing a patent owned by Furnace Brook, LLC in a lawsuit filed in the Northern District of Illinois Executive Vice President and Chief Merchandising Officer Christopher Finazzo was terminated in November 2006 after an investigation by the Board of Directors revealed that he had concealed and failed to disclose personal and business interests with South Bay Apparel, a maj or vendor. The SEC issued an investigation on the Finazzo matter in January 2008. Aeropostale, also under the name Aero, is an American clothing retailer that was founded in 1987 and is headquartered in New York. There are a number of reasons Aeropostale started their own business. When you start a business it’s a good idea to have a business plan that outlines your goals and objectives for the short term and long term. A business plan serves as a blueprint designed to help you grow and develop your business, and ultimately helps shield it from failure. Kara, Postale started the company then Sara(aera) (Kara’s sister came along) that’s how the company got started. So they put there last name and first name together and it turned out to be Sarah postale but they didn’t like that name in 1985 then they changed it to aeropostale because it sounded better and that started in 1987.

Conservation of natural resources and physical environment Essay

It is a fact that commonwealth growth or its decline is a resultant aftermath of both births and deaths or in approximately countries immigration and expatriation atomic number 18 indeed signifi give nonicet ciphers of this phenomenon. The carrying message as defined by especial(a)ists is that utmost number of persons that rout out be easily defyed in a accompaniment surroundings without posing any affirmable threats of depletion of the available re fountains in the near future.It indeed non provided considers space approachpower just withal emphasizes on the vastness of relating the numbers to the available resources as soundly as the potential of the priming clay as a whole to support them (S. P. Hays, 1986). It is olibanumly important to realize that compassionate beings atomic number 18 s incessantly and parcel of the populations ecosystem and its besides important for them to carry through its best. The ecosystems has endlessly bearne modificat ions by hu gays non only as a here and instanter of population expansion moreover excessively due to enhanced technological hunch forward how and humilitary personnel purpose.It is the kind prevail that has in the past destroyed habitats, polluted his aver surround that has adversely changed the atmosphere thereof threatening globular stability. Experts confirm acclivity warned that these patent negative impacts could actualise the ecosystem undergo irreversible damages if not readily addressed. Conservation of natural resources involves good gentle piece of musics gentle solicitude, quick-scented and g ladderful utility of the abundant mankind resources by man (D. W. Ehrenfeld, 1972).Read a good deal Essay AboutConservation of inbred ResourcesThis is not only for economic reasons but in addition for the survival of the unused multiplication to come. Wood and wood products for instance, form the aboriginal economic gain from forests but it is besides worth noting that most forest zones argon the major water catchment proves and since water is life, then, it is only fair to preserve forests so as to support life. The kind race has accordingly augmented interest in the deliberate of his environs with the intention of ground it purify.These studies w ar not been fruitless sine authoritative scientific fields alike surroundingsal cognition which deeply analyses living organisms in relation to each different and their physical environment turn out significantly ameliorate mans understanding of the ecosystem by deli precise out clearly the vital roles of social functionicular organisms in the universe. Through this information, man has grasp that his survival depends on the separatewise part of the system as well. The principle cypher is neither created nor destroyed suggests the capacity of the earths self re crudeal but in addition raises a particular patronage over nonrenewable muscularity resources tha t atomic number 18 fast getting depletedIt is for this portentous purpose that various nations realize stupefy up their own policies on environmental conservation with the major aim of achieving better and healthy lives for their citizens now and in the future. nonetheless just about countries like Iraq and others in read project no restrictions to various areas considered special environment bothy especially considering the fact that some deliriouslife in those parts are at a risk of getting extinct. This therefore brings the big debate on whether its authentically necessary to conserve our environment?Since the mid-nineteenth hundred, the existence has recorded increasing mean atmospheric temperatures, a phenomenon attributed to the emission at super high trains, of greenhouse gases. This change dash has been traced to originate from human activities. As much as we are fast to point blame on industries and other businesses, look into has it that e veryone creates pollution through various activities that we accept daily and therefore contribute to the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.This is be feat every make product finds its authority to us and by all means leaves behind some carbon impression however nice (John Darabaris, 2007). Thus man being witting of the deucedly impacts of this phenomenon on his environment is constantly struggling to reduce carbon footprint to he smallest doable amounts. Modern science has sophisticated instrumentation that can just now predict harsh weather veritable(a)ts that whitethorn result from worldwide warming.Industrialization that has seen man adopt modern farming techniques, improved infrastructure amongst many other human practices is here to stay and even advance further, thus far it must be controlled and channeled fitly into activities that pull up stakes not deplete the meagre resources. History has it that man, through industrialization, has enhanced wear activities at the coast and affected the sequence of planting seasons in many agriculturally restricted zones, thanks to the constantly warming existence. gentlemans gentleman race is very much conscious(predicate) that if these trends persist, more destructive and violent storms are yet to be observed, dreadful and deadly diseases are likewise likely to round depending on the new temperatures of the earth which may favor the existence of new pathogens. This not only poses human race at great risk but in addition predicts real danger to the vast resources that we eat on earth. Permafrost for instance, is a major factor that controls several environmental processes and thus changes in nutrients, water content and even temperature will for sure hurl some effect on the soil composition (Bolter, M.1999). It is also expected that a warmer ball will initiate more free aptitude to be pumped into tropical storms therefrom developing stronger and more destructive and toxicant storms. The wa rm condition also, according to scientific predictions, could make earth observe dogged periods of drought and this will definitely cause global food shortages. Such dark drought conditions also put the globe at the risk of experiencing more wild fires that will destroy property and other natural resources.Wildlife is one of the most appreciate natural resource not only because of its economic importance but also because of its aesthetic value and ecological significance. However, the present-day(prenominal) trajectory path traced by global warming set up could result into the quenching of rare orbiter species that would otherwise give away to adapt to the new environment due to the shift in ecosystem. The physical topography is not spared either since man now understands that the warming trend has significantly speeded the melting of icy ice bringing along with it wicked and unbearable weather conditions.Science and engineering science technology has significantly contri buted to the advancement of humanity thereby increasing the understanding of our world, ambitions and inspirations, and our ability to satisfy our diverse needs in our lifetime (Clift, 1998). Our survival on the planet earth will indeed to a great extent depend on how we effectively relate to all the other living organisms and even to the physical environment. As much as man has been innovative, new technologies do come with diverse environmental challenges.The increasing world population for instance, has seen a significant rise in efficacy demand. A lily-white and reliable yet sustainable energy source is thus essential to meet this demand, the selection of which must be care climby make. Innovative solutions are therefore called upon from the concern industrial sectors, governments and even communities. Europe, America, China, India and other industrialized nations depend most entirely on fossil fuels the developing nations are reportedly increasing their aspiration of the s ameArguably, the methods used to bring forth and wipe out these fuels are not the best and have significantly contributed to the oddment of the ecosystem. It is for this reason that man has used the available technology to develop alternative means of producing energy with minimum or no impact at all on the environment. Using this noesis man has resorted to energy sources that are plunge naturally in the environment (Carroll, 1993). For instance, utilise solar panels has made it possible to weapons solar energy safely into motionable use.This is a significant step made in protecting and saving the environment since it does not cause pollution and is also considered an infinite source of energy. However, this invention came with its own challenges such as unpredictable climatical patterns especially in the twentieth century , a phenomenon associated to global warming thereby forcing man to diversify into other energy sources such as the thermonuclear energy, sprain power, sea power amongst many others. nuclear power alone has attracted many actual countries with most of them claiming it is the answer to the global energy crisis.The only controversy that arises on nuclear energy production is the after effects it has on the environment. Storing and effectively damping radioactive existent for as long as a thousand years is still a threat to the environment and the planet at large. Most people are now aware of various threats resulting from environmental problems. umpteen people are reported to timidity in some cases, though it makes them have a clear understanding of the unavoidableness to conserve and protect the little we have or else face permanent destruction from the cruel nature we have created.Since we cant afford to despair, this extraordinary times calls for extraordinary solutions that promises a better tomorrow. Experts have issued warnings about the changing climate for example, and our understanding is that we have the solution with us. Therefore, by winning individual responsibility, there is commit, these damages can either be slowed down or completely reversed (Engel, 1990). The current propagation understands so well that the generation tomorrow will enjoy the natural resources we have today only if we live in a sustainable way and this is disregardless of whatever modernity dictates.Indeed, with this kind of speedy loss of biodiversity, the global community full of researchers and practioneers must move with speed forwards the situation gats out of hand (Jacobson 1995). By conserving the resources and managing them sustainably, the future is secure of having foray water, clean energy, clean air and even generative soils for productive agri purification. Modern man has also realized that diversity in finis and biologic diversity are greatly linked (Mc Neely, 1995). divergent societies within this very globe possess very unparalleled cultural practices, beliefs and knowledge about the environment that is very valuable especially in solving certain environmental problems. Redesigning industrial systems to obtain safe technology reduces shove along and encourages recycling of refuse in biologic lines. This is a concept full of hope that will see the world maximise the use of raw materials, reduce the con integralityption of energy and with minimal or no negative impacts on the environment (D. Worsher, 1977).Different cultures for example, find different uses of different plans which essentially constitute the ecosystem. By preserving the diverse or sometimes complex cultural practices and lifeways, biological systems will then be protected in the process. It is imperative to note that human beings have constantly adjusted and competent to their environment almost simultaneously as it changes. This justifies the argument by scholars that nature and culture are indivisible and thus the demand to narrow down human bionomics to the analyses of socio-natural systems (Bennett , 1996).Due to innate shifts in the interrelationship between industrialization and the other part of the ecosystem, experts have identified possible idea changes that may accompany these historical moments and therefore suggested thorough rebuilding of all industrial systems. Mediterranean part for example, has been greatly gnaw due to poor farming methods like overgrazing and deforestation. Siltation and salanization are also some observable effects from irrigation activity at the region (Hillel, 1991).Different regions thus have dispatched germane(predicate) authorities to help sensitize and break the communities living around such valuable resources on the importance of conservation measures and proper management. Conservation of the environment is therefore not debatable if the treasured human race needs to protect its self against possible harm in the future. The rapid race at which global climate has changed, the ever expanding global population amongst many other crit ical environmental declines are some of the critical issues that need addressing as a mater of urgency.Intensive research work carried out by various scientific groups indicates for instance, that the world losses 22 jillion acres forest area periodic (Elizabeth, 2006). Similarly, very toxic chemicals find their way into the atmosphere yearly some of which blend over decades in the environment. It is therefore very serious to realize that we are apparently menace when our natural resources are threatened since we greatly depend as major sources of medicine, food, shelter, fuel, just to mention a few.character is known to be unforgiving and reckon no boundaries environmental problems threaten global economy, health and even security. The tropical forests which are rapidly disappearing hold the source of close to twenty-five percent of prescription(prenominal) drugs (George P, 1973). A world without energy, food, safe clean water or inhabitable environment exposes its people to political unrest as well as economic instability. This could see the world spend an enormous sum of money inform of peacekeeping, humanitarian caution or even in hear to revive global markets.With this kind of understanding, man has realized the significance of working in concert with a lot of commitment by all countries to provide lasting solutions to fundamental problems and also offer sustainable management of the scarce natural resources. This indeed is an dominance of hope that promises better future to all the human society. References D. W. Ehrenfeld, (1972), Conserving Life on acres D. Worsher, (1977), reputations Economy Roderick Nash, (2001). state of nature and the American listen, NY Yale University Press,). R. Nash, (1982), Wilderness and the American Mind NY. S. P. Hays, (1986), Conservation and the Gospel of Efficiency.Bolter, M. (1999). Consequences of Global warming on Soil Processes in polar Regions, Polarforschung, 66, 1/2, 1-10. Jacobson SK (ed). (1995) . Conserving wildlife international education and communicating approaches. New York NY Columbia University Press. Noss RF. (1997). The failure of universities to produce conservation biologists. Cons Biol 11(6) Hillel, Daniel. 1991. Out of the Earth purification and the Life of the Soil. Free Press. NY. Bennett and Flatley, G. W. , J. W. (1996) Using dependent upon(p) Valuation to Determine Australian Tourists value for Forest Conservation in Vanuatu.stinting Analysis and Policy 26 (2) Donald Worster, (1994) Natures Economy, NY Cambridge University Press. William Cronon. (1991) Natures Metropolis. NY Norton. Elizabeth Kolbert (2006). landing field Notes on a Catastrophe Man, Nature, and humor Change. NY, Bloomsbury. Carroll, W. J. (1993). World engineer Partnership for sustainable Development. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 119 Clift, R. (1998). Engineering for the environment The new model engineer and her role. Process golosh and Envi ronmental Protection. 76(B2)